Biology Essential Questions

Front 1

What is biolody?

Back 1

Biolody is the study of life.

Front 2

What are two key laboratory safety rules?

Back 2

1. Wear goggles.
2. Wash hands before and after lab.

Front 3

What should be done with long hair while in the lab?

Back 3

Long hair should be tied back into a pony tail while in the lab.

Front 4

How many of the characteristics of life must be an object have in order to be considered living?

Back 4

An object must exhibit ALL the characteristics of life in order to be considered to be living.

Front 5

Which of the characteristers of life is important to the group but not to the individual?

Back 5

Reproduction.

Front 6

A single celled organisms such as a bacteria or protist must reproduce _________.

Back 6

Asexually.

Front 7

What are the three parts to the Cell Theory?

Back 7

1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Front 8

The result of asexual reproduciton is _____.

Back 8

The result of asexual reproduction is two organisms that are identicals to each other and to the original mother cell.

Front 9

What property of water causes it to stick to itself?

Back 9

Water is polar, cohesion holds it together.

Front 10

What does "polar" mean as th eword applies to water?

Back 10

A water molecule has positives and negative ends similar to a magnet.

Front 11

What is an acid?

Back 11

An acid is a solution that has more hydrogen ions (H+) thant Hydroxide ions- also called hydronium ions (OH-).

Front 12

What does the word macromolecule mean?

Back 12

Macromolecules made mainly as organic molecules. There are four main groups of macromolecules.

Front 13

What is the monor for a starch polymer?

Back 13

Glucose is the monomer for all polysaccharides.

Front 14

What are the four major groups of macromolecules?

Back 14

The four major groups of macromolecules are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid.

Front 15

What is the monomer for each macromolecule:
*Protein.
*Lipid.
*Nucleic Acid.
*Carbohydrate.

Back 15

*Protein: Amino Acids.
*Lipids: -
*Nucleic Acid: Nucleotide.
*Carbohydrate: Glucose.

Front 16

Enzymes are special proteins. What is their function?

Back 16

Enzymes (sometimes called catalysts) speed up chemical reactions.

Front 17

What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

Back 17

The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and eukaryotic cells do.

Front 18

What is the function of the nucleus?

Back 18

The nucleus is the control center of the cell.

Front 19

What is the function of the endoplasmic recticulum?

Back 19

The endoplasmic recticulum is a pathway for distribution materials through a cell.

Front 20

What is the function of the lysosome?

Back 20

The lysosome is the digestive organelle for a cell.

Front 21

What is the fuction of the mitochondria?

Back 21

The mitochondria provides energy for the cell.

Front 22

What is the function of the ribosome?

Back 22

The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis.

Front 23

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Back 23

Both are passice transport, but in osmosis WATER is moving. In diffusion something else is moving.

Front 24

A cel lplaced in a hypertonic solution will ____.

Back 24

Shrink.

Front 25

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

Back 25

Chloroplasts.

Front 26

What is purpose of photosynthesis?

Back 26

The puurpose is to store energy from the sun in the chemical bonds of glucose molecules.

Front 27

What kinds of organisms preform photosynthesis?

Back 27

Green plants, some bacteria (prokaryrotes) and some protists preform photosynthesis. These are collectively known as producers.

Front 28

Why do you have to breathe in oxygen?

Back 28

All organism must take in order to be able to break down glucose and release energy from the chemical bonds there.

Front 29

What is the main pigment involved in photosynthesis?

Back 29

The main pigment used in photosynthesis is called chlorophyll.

Front 30

What do pigments do?

Back 30

The pigment is a substance that absords some colors of light and reflects others.

Front 31

What is is called when sugar is broken down and energy is released?

Back 31

Cellular repiration is the process that breaks down glucose and releases the engery.

Front 32

One type of anaerobic respiration is called alcoholic respiration. What kind of organisms preform this and what are the products of alcoholic respiration?

Back 32

Alcoholic respiration is preformed by microscopic fungi called yeast. The products of alcoholic repiration are cardon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.

Front 33

Mitosis is on eof the two types of cell division. What does mitosis actually mean?

Back 33

Mitosis means division of the nucleus.

Front 34

What is the difference between mitosis in plant and animal cells?

Back 34

Animal cells divide along a cleage furrow; plant cells build a cell plate down the middle of dividing cell.

Front 35

What happens during the Cell Cycle?

Back 35

The Cell Cycle represents the life cycle of a cell. During G-1 phase the cell grows. During the S-1 phase the cell synthesizes proteins, during the G-2 phase the cell prepares for mitosis, during the M-Phases the nucleus divides.

Front 36

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Back 36

The purpose of meiosis is to produce haploid gametes (sex cells).

Front 37

What are the four nitrogenous bases used in DNA molecule?

Back 37

The four nitrogenous bases are:
*Adenine.
*Cytosine.
*Guanine.
*Thymine.

Front 38

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

Back 38

The shape of the DNA molecule is a double helix.

Front 39

What is Chargraff's Rule of base pairing?

Back 39

Adenine goes with Thymine.
Guanine goes with Cytosine.

Front 40

Who is the father of modern genetics?

Back 40

Gregor Mendel is the father of modern genetics.

Front 41

What do homosygous and heterozygous mean?

Back 41

-Homosygous means that two alleles that code for a trait are the same.
-Heterozygous means that two allels that code for a trait are different.

Front 42

What do dominant and recessive mean?

Back 42

-Dominant: the gene that is expressed when in a heterozygote.
-Recessive: these genes are only exressed when in a homozygote.

Front 43

What is the Principle of Dominance?

Back 43

The Principle of Dominance states that a hybrid organism the dominant trait is the one expressed in phenotype.

Front 44

What is a dicotomous key?

Back 44

A dicotomous key is a device that is used to help identigy an organism.

Front 45

What does ecolution mean?

Back 45

Evolution means that organisms chancge their physical characteristics over a long period of time.

Front 46

There are two different types of evolution: Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. What is the difference between the two?

Back 46

In gradualism species change slowly over a long period of time. In punctuated equilibrium the species remain the same for a long period of time and change quickly.