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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Water Cycle |
Living systems depend on properties of water that results from its polarity and hydrogen bonding |
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Pollution |
Can be caused by run off or precipitation |
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Filtering/Cleaning of water |
Percolation (rocks/minerals filter and clean the water that goes through the ground) |
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Water Cycle Reservoir |
Surface and atmospheric water |
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Nitrogen Cycle |
Nitrogen is carried through both physical and biological processes. (Fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification) |
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How do humans get usable nitrogen? |
Nitrogen fixation by soil and aquatic bacteria |
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How do plants get usable nitrogen? |
Nitrates in the soil |
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Nitrogen Reservoir |
N in the atmosphere |
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Carbon Cycle |
A process in which carbon compound (CO2) are put in the atmosphere through respiration, decomposing dead organisms, and burning fossil fuels |
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Photosythesis and Cell Respiration connection |
Photosynthesis= carbon fixation in the Calvin Cycle |
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Before vs. After human interference |
Humans allowed the fossil fuels otherwise never to be touched to be taken out and used so it can be cycled again |
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Phosphorus Cycle |
Movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere |
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Phosphorus Reservoir |
Rocks, minerals, soil |
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How do humans get usable phosphorus? |
Erosion and uptake by plants |
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Food chains |
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
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Food webs |
A diagram of interconnecting food chains (more realistic than a food chain) |
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Energy Flow |
From the... - sun - plants - animals - decomposers (LOST AS HEAT) |
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Consumers |
(Heterotrophs) Organisms that cannot make their own food and rely on other organisms for food and energy |
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Producers |
(Autotrophs) organisms that obtain energy from sunlight or chemicals to produce food |
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Trophic Levels |
A step on a food chain |
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10% rule |
Only 10% of the energy consumed at one level is passed on to the next level |
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Energy Pyramid |
Energy contained at each trophic level |
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Number pyramid |
The # of organisms at each trophic level |
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Biomass pyramid |
Mass of biological material at each trophic level |
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Biotic |
Living factors ex. Animals, plants, bugs, bacteria, and fungus |
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Abiotic |
Physical, nonliving factors ex. Sunlight, precipitation, temperature, soil and nutrients |
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Organism |
An individual plant, animal, or single-celled life form |
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Population |
Group of individuals that live in the same area, can interbreed, and share the same gene pool. *evolution occurs at population level* |
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Community |
An interacting group of various species in a common location. |
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Ecosystem |
A system that includes all living organisms (biotic) as well as physical factors (abiotic) in an area |
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Biome |
A large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region. |
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Biosphere |
A zone of land, water, and air where organisms exist. |
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Logistical growth |
Population that grows at a constant rate until it reaches its carrying capacity |
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Exponential growth |
Population increases by a fixed percentage every year (constant rate) - Normally occurs when small populations are introduced to an area with IDEAL environment conditions (doesn't last long) |
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Carrying capacity |
Amount of organisms an environment can support. *Limiting factors |
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Limiting factors |
-Amount of food and water -Space available -Predators |
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Niche |
The role an organism plays in an environment. Includes aspects of how the organism lives: -Type of food it eats -Method of obtaining energy -Habitat (location) -Interactions with other species -When/how it reproduces |
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Competitive exclusion principle |
No two species can occupy the same niche in the same environement at the same time. |
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Symbiosis |
Two oragnisms are in a symbiotic relationship: depend on eachother to survive |
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Predation |
Predator captures and feeds on prey, often leads to co-evolution |
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Commensalism |
One benefits without helping/harming the other (+,o) |
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Parasitism |
One benefits while harming the other (+,-) |
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Mutualism |
Each organism benefits (+,+) |
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Keystone Species |
A species whose role in an ecosystem is disproportionaly larger than the other species. |
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Biodiversity |
The total of all the genetically based variation in all organisms in the biosphere |
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Sucession |
Series of changes that occur in a community over time |
