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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does the word Habitat mean? Give an example. |
Places where organisms live
eg. Pond and a frog |
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What is a Quadrat? and give an example
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A sampling square with a set measured square used to measure the abundance and distribution of living organisms
eg. 0.5m² / 1m² |
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What does the word random mean? Give an example
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Without bias - you need to sample randomly
eg. random button on calculator |
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What does the word Population mean? Give an example
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All the organisms of a species found in an eco-system at one time
eg. Human population of Monmouth (8,877) |
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What does the word Community mean? Give an example
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Population of all species found in an eco-system at one time
eg. All Monmouth species |
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What does the word Species mean? Give an example |
Organisms which look the same, have the same characteristics and produce fertile off spring
eg. Poodle or Orangutang |
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What does the word Eco-system mean? Give an example |
Distinct self supporting system of organisms interacting with each other and a physical environment
eg. Pond, forest etc |
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What is a method for random sampling?
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1. Go down to a meadow, with a quadrat and calculator
2. Use the random button on a calculator and take those amount of steps forward and then right, eg 45.4, 45 steps forward and 4 steps right. 3. Place quadrat on ground and count how many squares have daisies in them to make a percentage 4. Use the random button again and repeat this so you have 10 percentages and then average your result |
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What is a method for transect sampling?
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1. Tape from top of field to bottom
2. Set up the quadrat at one end and count how many Daisies 3. Flip the quadrat over twice so you're covering a different patch of land and count the Daisies 4. Repeat until you're at the top of the field 5. Compare results and observe the surrounding factors, eg. weather and date |
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What does the word producer mean?
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Found at the bottom of a food chain/web
First trophic level. |
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What does the word consumer mean?
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Animals that eat plants or other animals
2nd trophic level and up. |
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What does the word Trophic level mean?
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The position within the food chain/web the organism occupies
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What does the word decomposer mean?
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Break down material and help to recycle nutrients
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What does the term food chain mean?
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Shows feeding relationships within an eco-system. in any food chain the arrows mean 'eaten by' and shows the transfer of energy
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What are the advantages of a food chain?
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Easy to read
Shows where the energy is being transferred to and from. Quick to map out |
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What are the disadvantages of a food chain?
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Doesn't show the whole picture only 1 food chain
Over simplify the situation |
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What is a food web?
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A food web shows the interaction of the food chains within an ecosystem
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What are the advantages of a food web?
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More detailed map of interactions
Shows what would happen if a food chain was disrupted |
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What are the disadvantages of a food web?
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Take a long time to map out
Rarely shows all an ecosystem More confusing |
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What is a pyramid of numbers?
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It represents the number of organisms in each trophic level in a food chain
(not always pyramid shaped) |
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What is a pyramid of biomass?
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It shows the total mass of the organisms in each trophic level
(always pyramid shaped) |
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What does a shorter bar show on a pyramid of numbers?
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The shorter the bar the less organisms there are.
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What does a longer bar show on a pyramid of numbers? |
The longer the bar the more organisms there are.
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Where does the producer in a food chain go on a pyramid of numbers?
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It always goes at the bottom of the pyramid of numbers
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Does the pyramid of numbers have to look like a pyramid?
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No, it depends on the amount of organisms in the food chain.
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What is the definition of Biomass
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Biomass is the total amount of living material in an organism.
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What happens to the biomass at each step on a food chain?
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At each step in a food chain the total biomass always decreases
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What percentage of energy is transferred between trophic levels
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10%
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What are the six ways energy is lost before it is passed on to the next consumer?
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1. Movement
2. Growth and reproduction 3. Egestion 4. Excretion 5. Heat 6. Some parts of a plant/animal cannot be eaten eg. teeth, bone |
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What is egestion?
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Removal of waste products from the body i.e. sh*tting and p*ssing
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What is an apex predator in a food web?
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The apex predator is the top consumer
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What is a herbivore?
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A consumer that eats plants
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What is a carnivore?
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A consumer that eats other organisms
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What is an omnivore?
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An animal that eats both plants and organisms
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