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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity
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Transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring
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Genetics
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Study of Heredity
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Monohybrid cross
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Cross involving one pair of contrasting traits
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True-Breeding
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Displaying only form of a particular trait in offspring
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P generation
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The first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
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F1 Generation
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The first offspring from a cross
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F2 Generation
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The offspring from crosses among the F1 generation
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Allele
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An alternative form of a gene
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dominant
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Genetic trait that is always expressed
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recessive
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Genetic trait only expressed when homozygous
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Homozygous
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refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait
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Heterozygous
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Refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait
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Genotype
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The genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles
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Phenotype
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Observable characteristics of an organism
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Law of Segregation
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The first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed
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Law of independent assortment
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Second law of heredity stating that pairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
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Punnett Square
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Diagram used by biologists to predict the probable outcome of a genetic cross
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Test cross
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A genetic cross of an individual whose phenotype is dominant but whose phenotype is unknown
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Probablility
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The likelihood that a specific event will occur
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Pedigree
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A family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations
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Sex-linked trait
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A trait that is determined by a gene found on the X chromosome
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Polygenic trait
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Characteristic of an organism that is influenced by many genes
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incomplete dominance
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Condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of its two parents
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Codominance
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Condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present
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Multiple alleles
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The existence of more than two alleles for a genetic trait
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