Biology Chp 1

Front 1

The differential contribution of offspring to the next generation by various genetic types belonging to the same population. Proposed by Charles Darwin

Back 1

Natural Selection

Front 2

Theory that cells are the basic structural and physiological units of all living organisms, and cells are both distinct entities and building blocks of more complex organisms

Back 2

Cell Theory

Front 3

Any gradual change. Organic or Darwinian evolution, any genetic and resulting phenotypic change in organisms from generation to generation

Back 3

Evolution

Front 4

The basic lower unit of classification, consisting of an ancestor- descendant lineage of populations of closely related and similar organisms, consisting of individuals capable of interbreeding freely with each other but not with members of others

Back 4

Species

Front 5

A particular structure, physiological process, or behavior that makes an organism better able to survive and reproduce , the evolutionary process that leads to the development or persistence of such a trait

Back 5

Adaptations

Front 6

All the genes in a complete haploid set of chromosomes

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Genome

Front 7

The fundamental hereditary material of all living organisms. In eukaryotes, stored primarily in the cell nucleus. A nucleic acid using deoxyribose rather then ribose

Back 7

DNA

Front 8

The basic chemical unit in a nucleic acid. In RNA consists of one of four nitrogenous bases linked to ribose, which in turn is linked to phosphate. In DNA deoxyribose is present instead of ribose.

Back 8

Nucleotides

Front 9

One of the most fundamental building substances of living organisms. A long-chain of polymer amino acids with twenty different common side chains. Occurs within the its polymer chain extended in fibrous proteins , or coiled into a compact macromolecule in the enzymes and other globular proteins

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Protein

Front 10

The scientific study of all organisms

Back 10

Biology

Front 11

A system that shows that all life is related by descent from a common ancestor, shares a genetic code, and consists of similar building blocks- cell- knowledge gained from investigations of one type of organism can, with care, be generalized to other organisms

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Model System

Front 12

Organisms who's genetic material is not contained within a nucleus: the bacteria and archaea. Considered and earlier stage in the evolution life then eukaryotes

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Prokaryotes

Front 13

The sum total of chemical reactions the occur in an organism, or some subset of that total

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Metabolism

Front 14

Metabolic process, carried out by green plants, by which visible light is trapped and the energy used to synthesize compounds such as ATP and glucose

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Photosynthesis

Front 15

Organized structures found in eukaryotic cells examples include ribosomes, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cilia, and contractile vacuoles

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Organelles

Front 16

Organism who's cells contain their genetic material inside a nucleus. Includes all life other than the viruses, archaea, and bacteria

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Eukaryotes

Front 17

Organisms made up of one or more complex cells in which the genetic material is contained in the nuclei

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Eukarya

Front 18

Independent structural elements within proteins that affect the proteins function. Encoded by the recognizable nucleotide sequences, often folds separately from the rest of the protein, and can appear in a variety of different proteins across phylogenetic groups

Back 18

Domains

Front 19

Unicellular organisms lacking a nucleus and lacking peptidoglycan in the cell wall, they posses distinctive membrane lipids

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Archaea

Front 20

Unicellular organisms lacking a nucleus, possessing distinctive ribosomes and initiator tRNA, and generally containing peptidoglycan in the cell wall. Different groups are distinguished primarily on nucleotide sequence data

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Bacteria

Front 21

A means o gaining knowledge about the natural world by making observations, posing hypotheses, and conducting experiments to test those hypotheses

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Scientific Method

Front 22

A tentative Answer to a question, from which testable predictions can be generated

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Hypothesis

Front 23

A testing process to support or disprove hypotheses and to answer questions. The basis of the scientific method.

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Experiments

Front 24

An experimental design in which two samples or populations exposed to different conditions or treatments are compared to each other

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Comparative Experiments

Front 25

An experimental design in which a sample or population is divided into two groups; one group is exposed to a manipulated variable while the other group serves as a non treated control. The two groups are compared to see if there are changes in a "dependent" variable as a result of the experimental manipulation

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Controlled Experiments

Front 26

The assertion that an effect proposed by its companion hypothesis does not in fact exist

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Null Hypothesis

Front 27

quantified observations, that are collected, statistical methods are applied to this to calculate the likelihood that the null hypothesis is correct

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Data