Biology Chapters 1-4

Front 1

A plasma-membrane lipid possessing a sugar chain that functions in cell recognition

Back 1

Glycolipid

Front 2

The most abundant molecule found within the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane

Back 2

Phospholipid

Front 3

A plasma-membrane lipid that improves the rigidity of the plasma membrane and increases the membrane's impermeability to water

Back 3

Cholesterol

Front 4

The component of the plasma membrane that can act as a doorway for charged particles

Back 4

Protein

Front 5

The method by which large particles and macromolecules enter the cell by an infolding of the plasma membrane

Back 5

Endocytosis

Front 6

The movement of water across a selectively permeable plasma membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Back 6

Osmosis

Front 7

The mechanism by which substances are moved from the cell cytoplasm to the outside of the cell by the fusion of a vesicle with plasma membrane

Back 7

Exocytosis

Front 8

The tendency of molecules to move along their concentration gradient from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Back 8

Diffusion

Front 9

These methods carry molecules, pump molecules, or form channels through which specific molecules pass across the plasma membrane

Back 9

Transport mechanisms

Front 10

Endocytosis of large items, such as bacteria or cellular debris

Back 10

Phagocytosis

Front 11

Endocytosis of a tiny quantity of extracellular fluid containing solute molecules

Back 11

Pinocytosis

Front 12

Endocytosis that utilizes selective plasma membrane receptor proteins

Back 12

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Front 13

By which method does each of the following substances move into the cell?

Hormones such as insulin, low-density lipoproteins

Back 13

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Front 14

By which method does each of the following substances move into the cell?

Water movement across membrane

Back 14

Osmosis

Front 15

By which method does each of the following substances move into the cell?

Movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other small uncharged molecules across membrane

Back 15

Diffusion

Front 16

By which method does each of the following substances move into the cell?

Movement of large particles, bacteria, or cellular debris by endocytotic vesicle

Back 16

Phagocytosis

Front 17

By which method does each of the following substances move into the cell?

Molecules moving against the concentration gradient

Back 17

Active transport mechanisms

Front 18

Match the organelles with their characteristics.

Mitochondrion

Back 18

Cristae; matrix

Front 19

Match the organelles with their characteristics.

Ribosome

Back 19

Composed of two subunits; can be "free" in the cytosol or attached to rough ER

Front 20

Match the organelles with their characteristics.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 20

Produces protein transport vesicles

Front 21

Match the organelles with their characteristics.

Golgi apparatus

Back 21

Possesses a cis and trans side; composed of cisternae

Front 22

Match the organelles with their characteristics.

Centrioles

Back 22

Composed of microtubules arranged in nine groups of three

Front 23

Match the members of the cytoskeleton with their characteristics.

These thinnest members of the cytoskeleton are composed of strands of actin protein

Back 23

Microfilaments

Front 24

Match the members of the cytoskeleton with their characteristics.

These cytoskeleton members are tough, insoluble protein fibers that possess a high tensile strength

Back 24

Intermediate filaments

Front 25

Match the members of the cytoskeleton with their characteristics.

These hollow tubular members of the cytoskeleton are composed of spherical protein subunits called tubulin and can be quickly assembled and disassembled by the cell

Back 25

Microtubules

Front 26

Strands of DNA and associated histones in the nucleus of a non-dividing cell

Back 26

Chromatin

Front 27

Membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

Back 27

Nuclear envelope, or nuclear membrane

Front 28

Tiny passageway that allows large molecules to freely pass in and out of the nucleus

Back 28

Nuclear pore

Front 29

Dark-staining body found in the nucleus of a cell that functions in producing ribosomes

Back 29

Nucleolus

Front 30

Jelly-like fluid found within the nucleus of a cell

Back 30

Nucleoplasm

Front 31

Dark-staining, rod-shaped structures composed of highly coiled chromatin, found in cells undergoing cell division

Back 31

Chromosomes

Front 32

Spherical protein molecules around which DNA wraps

Back 32

Histones

Front 33

Fine, uncoiled strands of DNA in the nucleus of a non-dividing cell

Back 33

Extended chromatin

Front 34

Dark-staining regions in the nucleus of a non-dividing cell composed of tightly coiled strands of DNA

Back 34

Condensed chromatin

Front 35

A section of DNA and its eight associated histone proteins

Back 35

Nucleosome

Front 36

Match the stages of interphase with the events that occur in each.

G1

Back 36

The cell is metabolically active, synthesizing proteins, and growing rapidly

Front 37

Match the stages of interphase with the events that occur in each.

G2

Back 37

Cell division enzymes are synthesized, and the centrioles complete replication

Front 38

Match the stages of interphase with the events that occur in each.

S

Back 38

DNA replicates itself

Front 39

Match the stages of mitosis with the events that occur in each.

Chromosomes line up along the cell equator

Back 39

Metaphase

Front 40

Match the stages of mitosis with the events that occur in each.

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes; centrioles move toward opposite poles of the cell

Back 40

Prophase

Front 41

Match the stages of mitosis with the events that occur in each.

Identical sets of chromosomes are moved to opposite sides of the cell

Back 41

Anaphase

Front 42

Match the stages of mitosis with the events that occur in each.

Chromosomes uncoil and revert to chromatin; nuclear membranes form around the sets of chromosomes

Back 42

Telophase

Front 43

Match the structures with their functions.

Ribosomes

Back 43

Protein synthesis

Front 44

Match the structures with their functions.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 44

Lipid synthesis

Front 45

Match the structures with their functions.

Lysosomes

Back 45

Intracellular digestion

Front 46

Match the structures with their functions.

Centrioles

Back 46

Organize the spindle during mitosis

Front 47

Match the structures with their functions.

Microtubules

Back 47

Support the cell and give it shape; involved in cell movements

Front 48

Match cell structures with the products that they produce.

Mitochondrion

Back 48

ATP

Front 49

Match cell structures with the products that they produce.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 49

Transport vesicles

Front 50

Match cell structures with the products that they produce.

Golgi apparatus

Back 50

Lysosomes and secretory vesicles

Front 51

Match cell structures with the products that they produce.

Nucleolus

Back 51

Ribosomes

Front 52

Match cell structures with the products that they produce.

Centrioles

Back 52

Cilia and flagella (microtubules)

Front 53

Match the stages of the cell cycle with the events occurring in each.

Cytokinesis

Back 53

Division of the parent cell cytoplasm into two daughter cells

Front 54

Match the stages of the cell cycle with the events occurring in each.

Mitosis

Back 54

Separation of two identical sets of chromosomes to opposite sides of the parent cell

Front 55

Match the stages of the cell cycle with the events occurring in each.

Interphase

Back 55

Non-dividing stage involving rapid growth, DNA replication, and preparation for division

Front 56

Match each type of membrane transport with the appropriate characteristics.

Diffusion

Back 56

Random motion of a substance resulting in movement from area of high to lower concentration

Front 57

Match each type of membrane transport with the appropriate characteristics.

Facilitated diffusion

Back 57

A passive process utilizing a protein carrier or channel

Front 58

Match each type of membrane transport with the appropriate characteristics.

Primary active transport

Back 58

Movement of a substance that utilizes a carrier; energy comes directly from hydrolysis of ATP

Front 59

Match each type of membrane transport with the appropriate characteristics.

Secondary active transport

Back 59

Movement of a substance that utilizes a carrier, and has a concentration gradient as the source of energy

Front 60

Match each form of RNA with its function.

mRNA

Back 60

Carries genetic instructions from nucleus to the site of protein synthesis

Front 61

Match each form of RNA with its function.

tRNA

Back 61

Uses an anticodon to guide its attached amino acid to the complementary codon on the mRNA at the ribosome

Front 62

Match each form of RNA with its function.

rRNA

Back 62

Combines in a complex with proteins to make the large and small subunits of a ribosome

Front 63

Match each form of RNA with its function.

microRNA

Back 63

Can control, or inhibit, certain genes

Front 64

Match the cell membrane structures.

Tight junction

Back 64

Adjacent cells joined by a line of membrane proteins that form an impermeable junction

Front 65

Match the cell membrane structures.

Desmosome

Back 65

Button-like junctions that use linker proteins to hold adjacent cells together

Front 66

Match the cell membrane structures.

Gap junctions

Back 66

Adjacent cells held together by connexon proteins that form cylinders allowing ion flow between the cells' cytoplasm

Front 67

Microvilli

Back 67

Tiny fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane; increase surface area for absorption

Front 68

Cilia

Back 68

Motile cellular extensions found in large numbers in some epithelial cells

Front 69

Flagella

Back 69

Long, cellular projections that are tail-like and aid in propulsion

Front 70

Hydrophobic

Back 70

Water fearing

Front 71

What critical event must occur before the sodium-potassium pump can transport sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane?

Back 71

The pump must be phosphorylated.

Front 72

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and secondary active transport?

Back 72

Secondary active transport requires an input of energy, while facilitated diffusion does not.

Front 73

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the simple diffusion of a solute and osmosis?

Back 73

Most osmosis requires transport proteins, while simple diffusion of a solute never does.

Front 74

When a molecule is transported via facilitated diffusion, ____________________.

Back 74

it moves directly through the phospholipid bilayer

Front 75

Which transport process allows for the movement of solid particles across the plasma membrane?

Back 75

Phagocytosis

Front 76

What kind of energy moves in waves?

Back 76

Radiant energy

Front 77

Ninety-six percent of body weight is made up of:

Back 77

Only four elements (oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen) make up 96% of the human body.

Front 78

Each known element is designated with a one- or two-letter chemical shorthand known as the:

Back 78

The atomic symbol is the one- or two-letter chemical shorthand designated to a chemical.

Front 79

A homogenous mixture of gases, liquids, or solids is referred to as a:

Back 79

a solution.

Front 80

The difference between a colloid and a suspension is:

Back 80

A colloid can undergo sol-gel transformation, whereas a suspension cannot.

Front 81

Chemical bonds:

Back 81

are energy relationships between the electrons of the reacting atoms.

Front 82

The outermost energy shell of an atom is known as its:

Back 82

valence shell.

Front 83

An ionic bond is:

Back 83

is a chemical bond formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from the outermost energy level (the valance shell) of one atom to that of the other.

Front 84

Which of the following statements about a dipole is INCORRECT?

Back 84

The dipole molecules are electrically balanced.

Front 85

When atoms or molecules combine to form larger more complex molecules, the process is known as:

Back 85

anabolism.

Front 86

Reactions which release energy are:

Back 86

exergonic reactions.

Front 87

Which of the following factors would speed up the rate of a chemical reaction?

Back 87

High concentration of reagents

Front 88

Which of the following is considered the universal solvent?

Back 88

Water

Front 89

In hydrolysis:

Back 89

a molecule of water is added for each bond broken.

Front 90

All electrolytes are:

Back 90

ions.

Front 91

pH is a concentration unit used to measure the concentration of:

Back 91

hydrogen ions in a solution.

Front 92

Chaperonins aid in the desired folding of:

Back 92

proteins.

Front 93

Prostaglandins are:

Back 93

lipids.

Front 94

Which of the following lipids are thought to decrease heart disease?

Back 94

Omega-3 fatty acids

Front 95

The function of microRNA (miRNA) is to:

Back 95

controls genetic expression by turning some genes on and others off, thus controlling genetic expression.

Front 96

Sugars contain all of the following, except:

Back 96

calcium.

Front 97

An organic compound is analyzed, and it has twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms. This compound is most likely a:

Back 97

carbohydrate.

Front 98

Catabolic reactions involve:

Back 98

release of energy.

Front 99

Buffers tend to prevent dramatic changes in the pH when ________ are added to a solution.

Back 99

proton donors

Front 100

Chemical reactions that release energy are:

Back 100

exergonic.

Front 101

Ionic bonds form between two atoms when:

Back 101

one atom donates an electron to the other atom.

Front 102

The building blocks of RNA and DNA are:

Back 102

nucleotides.

Front 103

The most important steroid molecule is:

Back 103

cholesterol.

Front 104

The sequence of amino acids in a protein constitutes the ________ structure of the protein.

Back 104

primary

Front 105

The smallest unit of life is the________.

Back 105

cell

Front 106

The outer boundary of a human cell is the:

Back 106

plasma membrane.

Front 107

Which of the following would not be found in the plasma membrane of a human cell?

Back 107

Nucleic acids

Front 108

Prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells

Back 108

Tight junctions

Front 109

Anchoring junctions found in areas subjected to pulling forces

Back 109

Desmosomes

Front 110

Important for cell communication

Back 110

Gap junctions

Front 111

Can water can readily diffuse through the plasma membrane?

Back 111

Yes

Front 112

Osmosis is:

Back 112

the diffusion of water across a cell membrane.

Front 113

Which of the following pairs is a correct match?

Back 113

Exocytosis: active transport

Front 114

A cell will swell, and likely burst, if it is placed in a __________ solution.

Back 114

hypotonic

Front 115

Is primary active transport is driven by secondary active transport.

Back 115

Yes

Front 116

Pinocytosis is a type of___________.

Back 116

endocytosis

Front 117

Cells of the body mainly use _______ for the selective endocytosis of most macromolecules.

Back 117

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Front 118

At rest, are most body cells polarized?

Back 118

True

Front 119

The primary site of cellular ATP production is the:

Back 119

mitochondrion.

Front 120

Ribosomes are found:

Back 120

in the cytosol and on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 121

Match the cell structure to its function.

Ribosome

Back 121

Protein synthesis

Front 122

Match the cell structure to its function.

Nucleolus

Back 122

RNA synthesis

Front 123

Match the cell structure to its function.

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 123

Protein folding, packaging, and modification

Front 124

Match the cell structure to its function.

Peroxisomes

Back 124

Neutralize dangerous free radicals

Front 125

Match the cell structure to its function.

Cytoskeleton

Back 125

Support cellular structures

Front 126

Match the cell structure to its function.

Lysosomes

Back 126

Contain digestive enzymes

Front 127

DNA is replicated during the ________ phase of the cell cycle.

Back 127

S phase

Front 128

A gene is best defined as:

Back 128

a segment of DNA that carries instructions for the production of a polypeptide chain.

Front 129

During transcription:

Back 129

DNA is used as a template to make mRNA.

Front 130

A person with appendicitis will most often present with pain in the:

Back 130

right lower quadrant.

Front 131

The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts is called the:

Back 131

frontal plane.

Front 132

Homeostatic imbalance has occurred when a:

Back 132

person becomes ill.

Front 133

Select the option that shows increasing complexity levels.

Back 133

Cellular, tissue, organ, organ system

Front 134

Approximately what percentage of the air we breathe is made of oxygen?

Back 134

20%

Front 135

The cranial cavity is housed in:

Back 135

the dorsal body cavity.

Front 136

What is NOT one of the three components of homeostatic control systems?

Back 136

Stimulus (cause of the initial change)

Front 137

The respiratory system contains the:

Back 137

trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Front 138

The spleen is the largest organ in the:

Back 138

lymphatic system.

Front 139

Which of the following would be an example of positive feedback?

Back 139

Release of oxytocin to increase the strength of labor contractions

Front 140

Which internal organ is NOT housed in the ventral body cavity?

Back 140

Spinal cord

Front 141

Which of the following body systems acts as a fast-acting control system for the body?

Back 141

Nervous

Front 142

Which of the following body systems functions to produce blood cells?

Back 142

Skeletal

Front 143

What is NOT a necessary human life function?

Back 143

Intelligence

Front 144

Which one of the following requires magnification to study?

Back 144

Microscopic anatomy

Front 145

Which one of the following covers an organ?

Back 145

Visceral pericardium

Front 146

The branch of anatomy that traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span is referred to as:

Back 146

developmental anatomy.

Front 147

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is a physiological ability known as:

Back 147

responsiveness.

Front 148

If the human body temperature drops slightly below 37° C (98.6° F), the following occurs:

Back 148

Metabolic reactions become slower

Front 149

What is the correct positioning of the thumbs when placing the body in the anatomical position?:

Back 149

In the anatomical position the thumbs point outwards, or laterally.

Front 150

Which of the following is/are not included in axial part of the body?

Back 150

The upper limbs

Front 151

The midsagittal plane:

Back 151

divides the body in two equal but non-identical left and right parts along the midline.

Front 152

Which of the following organs lies in the dorsal cavity?

Back 152

The spinal cord

Front 153

The body cavity which houses the lung is known as the:

Back 153

the pleural cavity.

Front 154

If you know that the appendix lies in the right lower part of the trunk, you could also say it lies in the:

Back 154

right inguinal region.

Front 155

The visceral serosa membrane:

Back 155

covers the outer surface of organs in a body cavity.

Front 156

All the following are true about serous fluid, except that:

Back 156

it increases the friction produced by the movement of the organs with which it is associated.

Front 157

The cavity between bones at the joint is known as

Back 157

the synovial cavity.

Front 158

Positron emission tomography (PET):

Back 158

excels in observing metabolic processes.

Front 159

What is the definition of physiology?

Back 159

The study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.

Front 160

What is macroscopic anatomy?

Back 160

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.

Front 161

What is embryology?

Back 161

Embryology is a subdivision of anatomy that deals with developmental changes that occur before birth.

Front 162

Blood flows in one direction through the heart because the heart has valves that prevent backflow. This phenomenon exemplifies:

Back 162

the principle of complementarity of structure and function.

Front 163

What represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive?

Back 163

Organismal level

Front 164

The human body as a whole is enclosed and protected by the integumentary system. This is an example of a necessary life function. Select the correct function from the list below.

Back 164

Maintaining Boundaries

Front 165

Does metabolism include breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing complex cellular structures from simpler substances, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP.

Back 165

True

Front 166

What process require a receptor, a control center, and an effector?

Back 166

Homeostatic control

Front 167

What is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

Back 167

Blood clotting

Front 168

What is an example of positive feedback mechanisms?

Back 168

The result or response enhances the original stimulus, and the response is accelerated.

Front 169

Is the knee is distal to the thigh.

Back 169

True

Front 170

Why are directional terms so important?

Back 170

They allow us to explain where one body structure is in relation to another.

Front 171

Is the breastbone is ventral to the spine?

Back 171

True

Front 172

Is the chin is cranial to the navel?

Back 172

True

Front 173

Is it possible for slight anatomical variations to occur in a human body; for example, a nerve or blood vessel may be somewhat out of place, or a small muscle may be missing?

Back 173

True

Front 174

What is the regional term designating the limbs?

Back 174

The appendicular part

Front 175

Does the coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

Back 175

True

Front 176

What best describes a sagittal plane?

Back 176

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.

Front 177

The ventral body cavity is subdivided into which of the following cavities?

Back 177

The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Front 178

A serosa, or serous membrane, can be found within which one of the following body cavities?

Back 178

The ventral body cavity

Front 179

What is a bond in which electrons are NOT shared equally?

Back 179

Polar covalent bond

Front 180

What is a bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved?

Back 180

Ionic bond

Front 181

What is a bond in which electrons are equally shared?

Back 181

Nonpolar covalent bond

Front 182

What is a type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure?

Back 182

Hydrogen bond

Front 183

What is an electrically charged particle from loss of an electron?

Back 183

Cation

Front 184

What is a neutral subatomic particle?

Back 184

Neutron

Front 185

What is the smallest particle of an element that retains is properties?

Back 185

Atom

Front 186

What is the smallest particle of a compound that still retains its properties?

Back 186

Molecule

Front 187

What is an electrically charged particle from gain of an electron?

Back 187

Anion

Front 188

What kind of energy is legs moving the pedals of a bicycle?

Back 188

Mechanical energy

Front 189

What kind of energy is bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work?

Back 189

Chemical energy

Front 190

What is the energy that travels in waves; part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Back 190

Radiant energy

Front 191

What energy is represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor or the flow of ions across a membrane?

Back 191

Electrical energy

Front 192

What is an example of a sex hormones?

Back 192

Steroids

Front 193

What do eicosanoids do?

Back 193

Regulate inflammation

Front 194

What are integral to cell membranes?

Back 194

Phospholipids

Front 195

What is used as energy stores and for insulation?

Back 195

Triglycerides

Front 196

The linear sequence of amino acids comprising a protein chain

Back 196

Primary structure

Front 197

Composed of alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets

Back 197

Secondary structure

Front 198

lpha and beta regions fold upon each other

Back 198

Tertiary structure

Front 199

Two or more proteins aggregated together

Back 199

Quaternary structure

Front 200

A + B → AB

Back 200

Synthesis reaction

Front 201

AB → A + B

Back 201

Decomposition

Front 202

AB + C → AC + B

Back 202

Exchange reaction

Front 203

A + B ←→ AB

Back 203

Reversible reaction

Front 204

What is a lipid with all single bonds?

Back 204

Saturated

Front 205

What is a lipid with one double bond?

Back 205

Monounsaturated

Front 206

What is a lipid with more than one double bond?

Back 206

Polyunsaturated

Front 207

What is a Trans fat?

Back 207

"Bad" fats

Front 208

What is an Omega-3 fats

Back 208

"Good" fats

Front 209

What is a property of matter?

Back 209

Matter can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.

Front 210

What best defines potential energy?

Back 210

Potential energy is stored energy, which has the capacity to do work, but is not presently doing so.

Front 211

Something with a pH of 5 would _____.

Back 211

have more H+ ions than OH- ions

Front 212

Do all organic molecules contain carbon?

Back 212

True

Front 213

Match the following organic molecules to their biochemical building blocks/precursors.

Proteins

Back 213

Amino Acids

Front 214

Match the following organic molecules to their biochemical building blocks/precursors.

DNA

Back 214

Nucleotides

Front 215

Match the following organic molecules to their biochemical building blocks/precursors.

Lipids

Back 215

Glycerol and fatty acids

Front 216

Match the following organic molecules to their biochemical building blocks/precursors.

Carbohydrates

Back 216

Monosaccharides

Front 217

What is not one of the four basic elements that comprise approximately 96% of a human's body weight?

Back 217

Potassium

Front 218

Is the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus?

Back 218

True

Front 219

What is true of an isotope?

Back 219

Isotopes have the same number of protons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

Front 220

If the pH or temperature of the environment that contains a protein is altered dramatically, then the protein may:

Back 220

become denatured.

Front 221

Something with a pH of 5 would _____.

Back 221

have more H+ ions than OH- ions

Front 222

Do all organic molecules contain carbon?

Back 222

True

Front 223

Match the following organic molecules to their biochemical building blocks/precursors.

Proteins

Back 223

Amino Acids

Front 224

Match the following organic molecules to their biochemical building blocks/precursors.

DNA

Back 224

Nucleotides

Front 225

Match the following organic molecules to their biochemical building blocks/precursors.

Lipids

Back 225

Glycerol and fatty acids

Front 226

Match the following organic molecules to their biochemical building blocks/precursors.

Carbohydrates

Back 226

Monosaccharides

Front 227

What is not one of the four basic elements that comprise approximately 96% of a human's body weight?

Back 227

Potassium

Front 228

Is the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus?

Back 228

True

Front 229

What is true of an isotope?

Back 229

Isotopes have the same number of protons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

Front 230

If the pH or temperature of the environment that contains a protein is altered dramatically, then the protein may:

Back 230

become denatured.

Front 231

What is true of atoms?

Back 231

Atoms of any given element will differ from those of all other elements and provide its unique physical and chemical properties.

Front 232

What does not represent an accurate hierarchy in the natural combination of matter?

Back 232

When two or more similar kinds of atoms bind, they form an isotope.

Front 233

What do Buffers do?

Back 233

stabilize pH.

Front 234

In biochemistry, and thus in the body, the universal solvent is:

Back 234

water.

Front 235

Are emulsions heterogeneous mixtures?

Back 235

True

Front 236

In an ionic bond:

Back 236

there is a transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other.

Front 237

Are nonpolar molecules are electrically balanced due to the equal sharing of electrons between the atoms of the molecules?

Back 237

True

Front 238

What type of chemical reactions involves atoms or molecules combining to form a larger, more complex molecule?

Back 238

Synthesis

Front 239

What is not a way to distinguish an acid from a base?

Back 239

An acidic substance will have a sticky feel.

Front 240

Are enzymes are unchanged in a reaction; they can be reused, and are not needed in large quantities?

Back 240

True

Front 241

Is the major function of RNA is to carry out the genetic instructions for protein synthesis?

Back 241

True

Front 242

What is not true of DNA?

Back 242

DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA.

Front 243

What is a primary energy-transferring molecule in cells?

Back 243

ATP

Front 244

Lines the pericardial cavity

Back 244

Parietal pericardium

Front 245

Covers the heart

Back 245

Visceral pericardium

Front 246

Lines the thoracic cavity

Back 246

Parietal pleura

Front 247

Covers the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

Back 247

Visceral peritoneum

Front 248

Lines the abdominopelvic cavity

Back 248

Parietal peritoneum

Front 249

The lower-middle portion of the abdomen

Back 249

Hypogastric region

Front 250

The upper-middle portion of the abdomen

Back 250

Epigastric region

Front 251

The abdominal regions that are lateral to the hypogastric region

Back 251

Right and left inguinal regions

Front 252

The abdominal regions that are lateral to the umbilical region

Back 252

Left and right lumbar regions

Front 253

The abdominal regions that are lateral to the epigastric region

Back 253

Right and left hypochondriac regions

Front 254

Femoral

Back 254

Thigh

Front 255

Crural

Back 255

Leg

Front 256

A sheet of cells that covers a body surface and lines a body cavity

Back 256

Epithelial Tissue

Front 257

Shapes of Epithelial Tissue

Squamous

Back 257

Scale-like or flat

Front 258

Shapes of Epithelial Tissue

Cuboidal

Back 258

Cube-shaped

Front 259

Shapes of Epithelial Tissue

Columnar

Back 259

Tall and column shaped

Front 260

Shapes of Epithelial Tissue

Transitional

Back 260

Stretchy and variably shaped

Front 261

Arrangement of Epithelial Tissue

Simple

Back 261

Same cell type in a single layer

Front 262

Arrangement of Epithelial Tissue

Stratified

Back 262

Arranged in several layers

Front 263

Arrangement of Epithelial Tissue

Psuedostratified

Back 263

Columnar epithelial that looks layered but is not

Front 264

Locations of Epithelial Tissue

Simple Squamous

Back 264

Air sacs of the lungs and lines blood vessels

Front 265

Locations of Epithelial Tissue

Simple Cuboidal

Back 265

Glands and in kidney

Front 266

Locations of Epithelial Tissue

Simple Columnar

Back 266

Digestive Tract

Front 267

Locations of Epithelial Tissue

Psuedostratified Columnar

Back 267

Upper Respiratory tract

Front 268

Locations of Epithelial Tissue

Stratified Squamous

Back 268

Skin Epidermis

Front 269

Locations of Epithelial Tissue

Stratified Cuboidal

Back 269

Ducts of large glands (rare in human body)

Front 270

Locations of Epithelial Tissue

Transitional

Back 270

Hollow urinary system organs

Front 271

3 Types of muscle tissue

Back 271

Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac

Front 272

What statement best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Back 272

The fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is composed of two layers of lipid molecules with protein molecules dispersed within.

Front 273

What is NOT a function performed by proteins found in the plasma membrane?

Back 273

Some plasma membrane proteins are receptors for chemical messenger molecules.

Front 274

Crenation takes place when a cell is placed in a(n):

Back 274

hypertonic solution.

Front 275

The underlying cause of Tay Sachs disease is:

Back 275

the lack of the enzymes needed to breakdown a glycolipid, which is abundant in nerve cell membranes.