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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mendel
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experiments began in the 1860s
worked in Austria (czech Republic) bred garden peas and concluded that genes permanently retain their individuality throughout generations. |
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Why was the garden pea a good organism for Mendel to use?
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short generation times
produced large numbers of offspring had distinguishable varieties able to strictly control matings (self-fertilize or cross-fertilize) |
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Law of segregation
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allele pairs separate from each other during the production of gametes
why sperm/eggs only carry one allele for each inherited character |
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F2 generation
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the offspring of two F1 generations
always has a 9:3:3:1 genotype ration |
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genotype
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the genetic makeup
PP, Pp, pp |
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phenotype
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the expressed traits
physical expression of the genotypes |
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hybrid
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the offspring of two different species of two different varieties
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locus
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the particular site where a gene is located on a chromosome
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alleles
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alternative versions of a gene
ex: purple flowers, white flowers |
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homozygous
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two identical alleles
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heterozygous
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two different alleles
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monohybrid cross
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a cross between two parents that differ only in ONE character
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recessive
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has no noticeable affect on an organisms appearance when a dominant allele is present
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testcross
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mating between an individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive (bb) individual
the appearance of the offspring reveals the genotype of the unknown parent |
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incomplete dominance
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when the dominant allele does not produce the same appearance (phenotype) when its homo or heterozygous.
The appearance of F1 fall between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties blood groups- ABO RR= red Rr=pink rr=white |
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blood types
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A, B, AB, O
type O is when neither A or B is present |
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pleitropy
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when one gene influences multiple characters
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epistasis
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when the gene of one locus affects the expression at another loci
black, brown and yellow labs |
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polygenic inheritance
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when a single character is influenced by many genes
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Thomas Morgan
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worked with fruit flies
studied crossing over and genetic variations |
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autosomal recessive disorders
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non sex-linked
must have a homozygous condition when both parents carry a recessive gene for the disorder albanism, deafness, cystic fibrosis |
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dihybrid cross
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mating of P generations that differ in two characters
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co-dominance
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when both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals
AB blood type |
