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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a molecule composed of the sugar ribose, the base adenine, and three phosphate groups; the major energy carrier in cells. The last two phosphate groups are attached by “high-energy” bonds.
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adenosine triphosphate
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the oxygen-requiring reactions, occurring in mitochondria, that break down the end products of glycolysis into carbon dioxide and water while capturing large amounts of energy as ATP.
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cellular respiration
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a process of ATP generation in chloroplasts and mitochondria. The movement of electrons down an electron transport system is used to pump hydrogen ions across a membrane, thereby building up a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions across the membrane; the hydrogen ions diffuse back across the membrane through the pores of ATP-synthesizing enzymes; the energy of their movement down their concentration gradient drives ATP synthesis.
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chemiosmosis
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a series of electron carrier molecules, found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and the inner membrane of mitochondria, that extract energy from electrons and generate ATP or other energetic molecules.
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electron transport chain
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anaerobic reactions that convert the pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis into lactic acid or alcohol and
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fermentation
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reactions, carried out in the cytoplasm, that break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid, producing two ATP molecules; does not require oxygen but can proceed when oxygen is present.
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glycolysis
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The fluid-filled compartment between the inner and outer membrane of a mitochondrion (also called the “intermembrane compartment”)
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intermembrane space
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a cyclic series of reactions, occurring in the matrix of mitochondria, in which the acetyl groups from the pyruvic acids produced by glycolysis are broken down to accompanied by the formation of ATP and electron carriers; also called citric acid cycle .
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Krebs cycle
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the fluid contained within the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.
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matrix
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