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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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factor in the environment that can cause mutatinos in DNA
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mutagen
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a change that occurs in only one nucleotide
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point mutation
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section of DNA that serves as the binding site for the enzyme RNA polymerase
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promoter
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gene that causes a cell to become cancerous
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oncogene
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part of a chromosome breaks off, turns around, and reattaches in the reverse order
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inversion
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process by which an prganism's genotype (genetic makeup) is translated into its phenotype (the traits)
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protein synthesis
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single stranded nucleic acid that is involved in protein synthesis
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RNA
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three-base section of mRNA
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codon
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chromosome part breaks off and attaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome
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translocation
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process by which the "language" of nucleic acids (bases) is changed into the "language" of proteins (amino acids)
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translation
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when a chromosome breaks and a piece of the chromosome is lost
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deletion
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random change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA
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mutation
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a sequence of three bases found on tRNA
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anticodon
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the first stage where the genetic information from a strand of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA
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transcription
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protein that binds to DNA, turning off the genes that code for the digestive enzymes
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repressor
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when part of a chromosome breaks off and is incorperated into its homologous chromosome
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duplication
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noncoding regions of DNA or RNA
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introns
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agent that causes or tends to cause cancer
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carcinogen
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deletion of addition of nucleotides that disrupts codons
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frameshift mutation
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sections of DNA or RNA that do not contain codes for proteins
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exons
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