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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the relationship between haploid, diploid chromosome numbers, meiosis and fertilization?
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Meiosis is the process of nuclear division in which the chromosome number is reduced from the diploid and haploid. Fertilization, is the process by which two haploid cells fuse to form a diploid zygote. (reestablishing the diploid chromosome number)
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What are the events that occur during crossing-over, and why is this process important?
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Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, and Telophase 2. Cells are formed with the haploid number of chromosomes.
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What are the main events that occur during meiosis 1?
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Early phrophase 1, prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase2.
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How is meiosis 1 different from meiosis 2?
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Meiosis 1: paired homologous chromosomes undergo crossing-over and eventually seperate.
Meiosis 2: the chromosomes divide as in mitosis. |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction?
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Asexual reproduction results in progeny that are identical to their single parent, not able to adjust as readily to changing conditions.
Sexual reproduction can produce a rich array of genetic diversity in natural populations, helps maintain diversity, can adjust to constantly changing environment. |
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What were the major findings of Gregor Mendel, and what were the unique aspects of his experimental method that contributed to his success?
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Medel developed preinciples that demonstrated the existence of genes, chromosomes and the process of meiosis. Mendel used peas and from the pleiotropic genes he encountered, the inheritances of the traits would be accounted for by a single gene, which visibly influenced several traits.
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How is it possible for a trait to be visible in the parents but not in the offspring? What type of test could you conduct to verify your answer?
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Incomplete dominance or a mutation. A testcross experiment (also known as a Punnett Square)would work to verify an incomplete dominance or a mutation.
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What are linked genes? In what way is the concept of linkage at odds with the principle of independent assortment?
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Linked genes have a tendency for certain genes to be inherited together, since they're on the same chromosome. Independent assortment considers relationships between genes.
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What are the different kinds of mutations, and how do mutations affect the evolution of population of organisms?
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Mutations, duplications, deletions, plasmids can move genes around, transponsons are the "jumping genes", pieces of chromosomes mayb be inverted or moved to another chromosomes, and removal or insertion of nucleotides or chromosomal segments. Mutations results in variation amoung individuals in a species and allow individuals to adapt to changing conditions.
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