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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mitosis
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nuclear cell division within somatic cells
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Somatic Cells
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body cells
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Meosis
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also nuclear cell division but in germ cells, makes gametes
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chromosome
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molecules of DNA and proteins that contain genes "colored bodies"
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gametes
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sex cells
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Rate of Divison for E.Coli
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every 20 minutes
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Rate of division for Stomach Lining
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6 hours
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Rate of Division for nerve and muscle cells
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rarely to never
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Rate of Division for liver cells
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don't divide as adults, but if a piece gets remnoved it fixes itself
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Rate of Divison for Skin Cells
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2 weeks
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Homologous Chromosomes
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in pairs, same size, same genes, but from different parents
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Diploid number
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2n-body cells
pairs of chromosomes |
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Haploid number
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1n-sex cells
1 set of chromosomes |
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Sister Chromatids
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two chromatids that make up a Chromosomes
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Chromatids
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identical to eachother
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Chromatin
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uncondensed form
10,000x longer the chromosomes |
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Nucleosome
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DNA wrapped around histone protien
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Cell cycle
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period of time from start of one mitosis to the next
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Phases of Cell Cycle
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Interphase,Mitosis, Cytokinesis
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Interphase
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period between cell divisions, this is when most of the work is done.
(80% of cell cycle) |
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Prophase
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-Chromatin condenses into
chromosomes -nuclear membrane and nucleaus break down -centrioles move to opposite poles |
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Metaphase
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-sister chromatids attach to spindle
fibers -Chromosomes line up at the middle |
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Anaphase
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centromeres split
sisters seperate |
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Telophase
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Chromosome reach opposite ends
Chromosomes uncoil nuclear membrane & necleous reappear |
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Cytokinesis
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division of cytoplasm
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Cytokinesis of Animal Cell
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cleavage furrow forms-cytoplasm pinches fowards
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Cytokinesis of Plant Cell
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cell plate forms which later becomes the cell wall
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Checkpoints of cell cycle
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Checkpoint control-moniters DNA
Cell-cycle arrest- cell cycle stops untill problem repaired |
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Proto-oncogenes
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genes that promote cell division and regulate cell cycle
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Tumour Supressors
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genes that inhibit cell division
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Cancer
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cells lose abillity to control rate of division
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Tumor
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abnormal mass of cells that has lost control over their growth and division
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Benigh
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non cancerous
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Malignant
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cancer
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Metasis
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when cancer spreads to different areas of the body through the blood stream
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Characteristics of Cancer cells
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1)grow and divide abnormally
2)Cytoplasm/cell membrane become altered 3) cells have a weakened capacity for adhesion 4)usually have lethal effects if left untreated |
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Onco-
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greek for cancer
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how many deaths are caused by cancers
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20%
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4 main types of cancer
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Carcniomas, Sarcomas, Leukemias, lymphomas
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most common cancer
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protrate cancer---breast cancer
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what happens if cancer cells are in culture
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don't stop dividing.
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Treatments for cancer
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surgery, chemotherapy, raditation
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df
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w
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Whatever
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Identify drawing as to type of cell division
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Whatever
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Identify drawing.
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