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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dr. Griffith did important research in genetics
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- worked with a
- vaccine- or substance made of weakened or dead microbes introduced into the body and allows the body to create anti bodies if it ever enters the body later - Virulent microbes- micro germs that cause disease - Dr. Griffith did some experiments with lab mice and proved bacteria went through a transformation - Transformation- change in characteristics or traits - Read pg 165- 166 on his experiment |
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virulent
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micro germs able to cause desease
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Vaccine
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- or substance made of weakened or dead microbes introduced into the body and allows the body to create anti bodies if it ever enters the body later
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Transformation
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change in characteristics or traits
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1944 Dr. Avery
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proved that it was DNA that is genetic material
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Dr. Hershey and Chase
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- proved that it was DNA and not proteins
- They used bacterial phage- which is a virus that effects bacteria instead of people - Called Te phage |
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bacteriophage
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virus that infects bacteria
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Nucleotides
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linked together like a chain
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DNA
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long thin molecules made of tiny units call nucleotides
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3 parts of nucleotides
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- Phosphate group
- 5 Carbón hurgar molecule - Nitrogen base |
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deoxyribose
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- 5 part sugar molecule
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The sugar molecule and phosphate group Hill always be the same
- The N base may be different |
1. Adenine
2. Guanine - Purine double ring of C+N atoms 3. Thyimine 4. Cytosine - Pyrmidines made of a single ring of C+N atoms |
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Chargaff did research on DNA
base pairing rules |
- the amount of adenine always equals the amount of Thyimine
- The amount of guanine always equals the amount of Cytosine - These are called base pairing rules or Chargaff’s rules DNA molecule is a tightly coiled helix and is made of 2 chains of molecules |
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1953- Dr. Watson and Crick
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- They developed the double halix model of DNA
- Looks like a twisted ladder |
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The Structure
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A. adeyine (A.) can only join with thymine (T)
B. cytosine © can only bind with guanine (G) C. The strictness of these base pairings result in 2 strands that are complimentary D. Example: T……A C……G A….....T |
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double helix
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2 strands od nucleotides twisting around a central axis
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complementary
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the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases on another
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The Structure
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A. adeyine (A.) can only join with thymine (T)
B. cytosine © can only bind with guanine (G) C. The strictness of these base pairings result in 2 strands that are complimentary D. Example: T……A C……G A….....T |
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Replication
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A. Must be unwound
B. Helicase- enzyme that unzip or breaks the weak hydrogen bonds between the 2 strands of nucleotides C. Replication Fork- point where the double helix is separated D. DNA Polymerases- enzymes that move up each strand of nucleotides and adds the nucleotide that’s missing using the base pairing rules/ and corrects error by back tracking to correct mistakes |
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Gene-
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Gene-
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Introns
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- series of nucleotides that have no coding information
- called intervening sequences |
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Exons
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- nucleotide parts that code information to make amino acids
- they are expressed or shown |
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Multi gene families
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- genes that exist in multiple copies, clusters of almost identical sequences
- The family may contain up to several hundred versions of the one gene |
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Transposon
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- genes that can move from one chromosome location to another
- this action of moving can cause mutation - has an enormous impact on evolution |
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helicases
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open up the doble helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that link the complimentary bases
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replication fork
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piont where double helix seperates
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DNA polymerases
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move along each of the DNA strands adding nucleotides to the exposed bases according to the base pairing rules
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