Biology Chapter 7.1, 7.1, 7.3

Front 1

cell

Back 1

Basic unit of all forms of life

Front 2

cell theory

Back 2

The idea that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structures and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

Front 3

nucleus

Back 3

Structure that holds the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities.

Front 4

eukaryote

Back 4

cells that contain nuclei

Front 5

prokaryote

Back 5

cells that do not have a nuclei

Front 6

organelle

Back 6

structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaaryotic cell

Front 7

cytoplasm

Back 7

material inside the cell membrane - not including the nucleus

Front 8

nuclear envelope

Back 8

layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

Front 9

chromatin

Back 9

granular material visible within the nucleus; the DNA is tightly coiled around proteins

Front 10

chromosome

Back 10

threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.

Front 11

nucleolus

Back 11

small, dense (filled) area within most nuclei where proteins are made

Front 12

ribosome

Back 12

made of RNA and protein, small area in teh cell where proteins are gathered together

Front 13

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 13

the membrane inside the cell where lipid parts are made and some proteins are changed

Front 14

Golgi apparatus

Back 14

the stack of membranes in the cell that changes, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Front 15

lysosome

Back 15

a cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain meterials in teh cell

Front 16

vacuole

Back 16

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Front 17

mitochondrion

Back 17

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into something that is easier for the cell to use

Front 18

chloroplast

Back 18

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organism that cathces the energy from sunlight and changes it into chemical energy

Front 19

cytoskeleton

Back 19

something inside of some cells that helps the cell to keep its shape; it also helps the cell to move

Front 20

centriole

Back 20

found in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope

Front 21

cell membrane

Back 21

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; controls what goes in and out of the cell

Front 22

cell wall

Back 22

strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria

Front 23

lipid bilayer

Back 23

double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes

Front 24

concentration

Back 24

the mass of solute (substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution) in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume

Front 25

diffusion

Back 25

the process of when molecules that are really close together move to an area where there are less molecules

Front 26

equilibrium

Back 26

when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution

Front 27

osmosis

Back 27

diffusion of water through a membrane

Front 28

isotonic

Back 28

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Front 29

hypertonic

Back 29

the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Front 30

hypotonic

Back 30

the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Front 31

facilitated diffusion

Back 31

movement of molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Front 32

active transport

Back 32

process that requires energy to move material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

Front 33

endocytosis

Back 33

a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

Front 34

phagocytosis

Back 34

"arms" of cytoplasm surround and "eat" large particles (pieces) and take them into the cell

Front 35

pinocytosis

Back 35

the cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment

Front 36

exocytosis

Back 36

a cell lets go (releases) large amounts of material