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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Parts of microscope |
Revolving nose piece, objective lens, stage, diaphragm, base, body tube, power switch, eyepiece lens, arm, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob |
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Revolving nose piece |
Revolves to switch to different objective lenses |
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Objective lens |
Produce most of the microscope's magnification. Our microscopes have three objective lenses low power - 4x medium power - 10x high power - 40x |
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Stage |
Holds the slide and contains an opening that allows light to pass through the specimen on the way to the objective lens |
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Diaphram |
Rotating dial that controls the passage of light through the stage. Numbers on the dial indicate the relative relative amount of light passing. |
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Base |
Supports the microscope and contains light and other electronics |
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Body tube |
Passes light from the head to the eyepiece |
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Power switch |
Turns the light on and off |
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Eyepiece lens |
Where you view the enlarged object. It further magnifies the specimen by 10x |
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Arm |
Supports the lenses, mirrors, and body tube |
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Coarse adjustment knob |
Moves the stage up and down quickly. It is used to find a specimen when using the low power objective. |
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Fine adjustment knob |
Used to make small adjustments when on middle or high power |
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Detailed image of an object you would see under a microscope |
http://www.arbopals.com/images/arbopedia/photosynthesis1-thumb.jpg |
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How to measure objects under under the microscope in mm and convert to µm |
To measure objects under the microscope you first have to know how large your field of view is by measuring it with a clear ruler. Once you know that, you can compare the width of the object to the width of the field of view. To convert mm to µm, move the decimal to the right three times |
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The three parts to the cell theory |
- all living things are made up of cells - cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things - new cels are produced from existing cells |
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Scientists' roles in the microscope and cell |
Van Leeuwenhoek - first to describe living cells, calling them animalcules Hooke - first to use the name cell, looked at cells in magnified cork Schleiden - plants are made of cells Schwann - animals are made of cells Virchow - new cells are made from the division of existing cells |
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SEM vs TEM |
SEM - scanning electron microscope, 3D images, shows surface features, but cells have to be put in a vacuum TEM - transmission electron microscope, details inside the cell, but has to be a very thin layer to be looked at |
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Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes |
Prokaryotes - smaller, more simple, do not enclose DNA inside of a nucleus; bacteria Eukaryotes - larger, more complex, enclose DNA in a nucleus; human cells |
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Parts of a cell |
cell membrane, cell wall, nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi body, mitochondria, vacuole |
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Cell membrane |
Retains external structure, controls what goes into and out of the cell |
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Cell wall |
Only in plant cells, provides support for the cell, retains cell shape |
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Nuclear membrane |
Membrane around nucleus, separates nucleus from cytoplasm |
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Nucleoplasm |
Substance inside of the nucleus |
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Nucleolus |
Makes RNA inside of the nucleus |
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Cytoplasm |
Substance that everything inside the cell is suspended in, site of reactions inside the cell |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
Transports proteins in ribosomes |
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Ribosomes |
Site of protein synthesis |
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Golgi body |
Makes final adjustments to proteins inside of ribosomes |
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Mitochondria |
The powerhouse of the cell |
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Vacuole |
Holds water and other things for the cell |
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Lysosome |
Breaks down substances inside the cell |
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Centriole |
Makes spindles fibers during cell division |
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Animal cell vs plant cell |
Animal - no cell wall, centriole, smaller vacuoles, can move around Plant - cell wall, no centrioles, one large vacuole, made to retain shape |
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Structures in prokaryotic cells |
RNA, DNA, and ribosomes floating around inside of the cell membrane |
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Percentage of weight accounted for by water in a cell |
70% |
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Components of phospholipid bilayer |
Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails |
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Cholesterol's role in plasma membrane |
Identify the cell to other cells in the same bodyw |
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Active transport vs passive transport |
Active - the cell has to let the thing in through a transport protein Passive - things that automatically go through the membrane due to diffusioin |
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Direction water and solutes travel in hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution |
... |
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Endocytosis vs exocytosis |
... |
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How maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment is required for survival |
Have to have the right amount of different chemicals in order to function properly |
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Cell specilization |
Brain cells are used to store complex information, muscle cells are made to move, liver cells are made to break down toxins, etc. |
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Levels of organization beginning with organelles and ending with organism |
Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism |