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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
01. What were the first lenses in Europe used for?
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The first lenses were used in Europe in the late 1500's by merchants who needed to determine the quality of cloth.
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40. What happens to proteins in the Golgi apparatus?
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Enzymes in the Golgi apparatus attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins. From the Golgi apparatus, proteins are then sent to their final destinations.
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20. Who discovered the nucleus?
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Scottish botanist Robert Brown first identified the nucleus in 1831.
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10. What 4 structures are common to most cells?
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4 structures common to most cells: cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
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11. What's the main difference btw prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
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Main difference btw eukaryotes and prokaryotes: the cell of eukaryotes have a nucleus, but the cells of prokaryotes do not.
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12. What kinds of living things are prokaryotes?
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All bacteria are prokaryotes. Ex. of prokaryotes include escherichia coli and staphyococcus aureus.
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13. What activities associated with life can prokaryotes carry out?
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Prokaryotes carry out every activity associated with life. They grow, reproduce, and respond to changes in the environment.
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14. What are organelles?
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Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.
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15. What kinds of things are eukaryotes?
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All plants, animals, and fungi, and many microorganisms, are eukaryotes.
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16. What kinds of cells have a cell wall? What kinds don't?
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Cell walls are found in many organisms including plants, algae, fungi, and nearly all prokaryotes. Animal cells, do not contain cell walls.
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17. What is the main function of the cell wall?
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The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell.
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18. Plant cell walls are made up of what?
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Plant cell walls are made mostly of cellulose, a tough carbohydrate fiber.
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19. What kinds of chemicals is wood made up of?
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Cellulose is the principal component of both wood and paper.
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21. What is the function of the nucleus?
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The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
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07. What did Rudof Virchow add to the cell theory?
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Rudolph Virchow summarized his years of work stating, "where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell...."
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23. What is chromatin composed of?
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Chromatin consists of DNA bound to protein?
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27. What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
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The cytoskeleton helps to support the cell. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape.
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28. The cytoskeleton consists of what 2 main parts?
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The cytoskeleton is made up of a number of important structures, including microtubules and microfilaments.
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29. What do microtubules do during cell division?
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They help to separate chromosomes during cell division.
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22. What does DNA do?
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DNA combines with protein to form chromatin, which is found throughout the nucleus.
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32. Why do you suppose the microfilaments are sometimes called the skeleton of the cell?
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Microfilaments are sometimes called the skeleton of the cell because they are the outline then everything starts to fill in around it.
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33. What does organelle mean? Why are they called this?
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Organelles or "little organs".
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34. What is the function of ribosomes? Where are the two places they are found?
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Ribosomes produce proteins following coded instructions that come from the nucleus.
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24. When are you going to see chromosomes in a cell?
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You are going to see chromosomes in a cell when a cell divides.
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25. What is the function of the nucleolus? Where is it located?
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Function of the nucleolus is where the assembly of ribosomes begins.
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37. Proteins that are made for release from the cell are made by what organelle?
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Proteins that will be released from the cell are modified in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, as are many membrane proteins.
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38. Proteins that are needed inside the cell are made by what?
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Other cellular proteins are made by "free" ribosomes, which are not attached to any membrane.
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39. What happens to the proteins once they leave the rough er?
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?
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26. What's moving through the pores in the nuclear envelope?
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The nuclear envelope is dotted with thousands of nuclear pores, which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus.
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30. What kinds of cells have centrioles?
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In animal cells, microtubules form a pair of structures known as centrioles.
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02. What two instruments were invented in Holland in the 1600's?
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In Holland in the early 1600's two useful instruments were constructed: the telescope and the microscope.
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03. What was Leeuwenhoek the first person to see?
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see tiny living organisms in a drop of water.
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04. Why did Hooke call the tiny chambers he observed in the cork, cells?
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Robert Hooke called these chambers "cells", because they reminded him of a monastery's tiny rooms, which were also known as cells.
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05. What are cells?
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Cells are the basic units of all forms of life.
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06. What contributions did Schleiden and Schwan make to the cell theory?
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Matthias Schleiden-concluded all plants are made of cells. Theodor Schwann-concluded that animals are also made of cells.
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31. Cilia and Flagella help single-celled organisms do what?
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Cilia and flagella enable cells to swim rapidly through liquids. They can produce considerable force; in some cells, cilia move almost like the oars of a boat, pulling or pushing cells through the water.
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08. What are the 3 main ideas that make up the cell theory?
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Cell theory: 1) all living things are composed of cells. 2) cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3) New cells are produced from existing cells.
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09. How big are the tiniest bacteria?
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The tiniest bacteria are only 0.2 micrometers across. The giant amoeba, chaos, chaos, may reach 1,000 micrometers in diameter.
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35. Why is it called the "rough" er?
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The rough endoplasmic reticulum has this name because of the ribosomes that stud its surface.
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36. What happens on the outside of the rough er? Inside the rough er?
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Newly made proteins move directly from these ribosomes into the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where they may be chemically modified.
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