Biology Chapter 7: Cells

Front 1

cells

Back 1

basic units of life

Front 2

cell theory

Back 2

a fundamental concept of biology:
-states that all living things are composed of cells
-states that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
-states that new cells are produced from existing cells

Front 3

nucleus

Back 3

a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA

Front 4

eukaryotes

Back 4

cells that contain nuclei

Front 5

prokaryotes

Back 5

cells that don't contain nuclei, genetic material not contained in nucleus

Front 6

organelles

Back 6

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell

Front 7

cytoplasm

Back 7

the portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Front 8

nuclear envelope

Back 8

2 membranes hat surround the nucleus

Front 9

chromatin

Back 9

granular material you can see in the nucleus

Front 10

chromosomes

Back 10

forms when cells divide and chromatin condenses

Front 11

nucleolus

Back 11

a small, dense region contained in nuclei

Front 12

Ribosomes

Back 12

small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm

Front 13

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 13

internal membrane system contained in eukaryotic cells

Front 14

Golgi apparatus

Back 14

protein produced in the rough ER move next into an organelle

Front 15

lysosomes

Back 15

small organelles filled with enzymes

Front 16

vacuoles

Back 16

sac like structures contained in some kind of cells

Front 17

mitochondria

Back 17

organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Front 18

cytoskeleton

Back 18

a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. the cytoskeleton is also involved in movement

Front 19

centrioles

Back 19

located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division(not in plants)

Front 20

cell membrane

Back 20

a thin flexible barrier that surrounds all sells

Front 21

cell wall

Back 21

a strong supporting layer around the membrane

Front 22

lipid bilayer

Back 22

the composition off nearly all

Front 23

concentration

Back 23

the mass of solute in a given volume of solution or volume=mass/volume

Front 24

diffusion

Back 24

process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Front 25

equilibrium

Back 25

when the concentration of the solute is the same through out a system

Front 26

osmosis

Back 26

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 27

isotonic

Back 27

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Front 28

hypertonic

Back 28

when comparing two solutions the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Front 29

hypotonic

Back 29

when comparing two solutions the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Front 30

facilitated diffusion

Back 30

movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Front 31

active transport

Back 31

energy requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

Front 32

endocytosis

Back 32

the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings or pockets nof the cell membrane

Front 33

phagocytosis

Back 33

process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take then into the cell

Front 34

pinocytosis

Back 34

process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment

Front 35

exocytosis

Back 35

process by which a cell releases a large amount of material

Front 36

cell specialization

Back 36

separate roles for each type of cell in multicellular organisms

Front 37

tissue

Back 37

a group of similar cells that perform a particular function

Front 38

organ

Back 38

a group of tissues that work together

Front 39

organ system

Back 39

a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function