Biology Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Front 1

Respiration

Back 1

the placing of air or dissolved gases in intimate contact with the circulating medium of a multicellular organism (as by breathing)

Front 2

Aerobic Respiration

Back 2

A form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate energy; The process of generating energy by the full oxidation of nutrients through Krebs cycle where oxygen is the final electron acceptor

Front 3

Anaerobic Respiration

Back 3

A form of cellular respiration that occurs when oxygen is absent or scarce; The process of generating energy by the oxidation of nutrients and using an external electron acceptor other than oxygen

Front 4

Oxidation

Back 4

the loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction; always accompanies reduction

Front 5

Reduction

Back 5

the gain of electrons by a substance involved in a redox reaction; always accompanies oxidation

Front 6

Glycolysis

Back 6

the multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate; the first stage of cellular respiration in all organisms; occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid

Front 7

Citric Acid Cycle

Back 7

the chemical cycle that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl CoA (derived from pyruvate) to carbon dioxide; the cycle occurs in the matrix of mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chains; together the pyruvate oxidation, the second major

Front 8

Electron Transport Chain

Back 8

a series of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP; located in the inner membrane of mitochondria, the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, and the plasma membranes of prokaryotes

Front 9

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Back 9

the production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration