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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic Molecule
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carbon based molecule
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Inorganic molecule
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noncarbon based molecule
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hydrocarbon
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organic molecule composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms
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functional group
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group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules.
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hydrophilic
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attracts with water molecules
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monomer
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small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule.
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polymer
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long chain of small molecular units (monomers)
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carbohydrate
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organic compound made of sugar molecules
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monosaccharide
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sugar containing one sugar unit
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disaccharide
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sugar with two monosaccharides
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polysaccharide
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long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers.
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starch
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polysaccharide implant cells that consist entirely of glucose monomers
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glycogen
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polysaccharide in animal cells that consist of many glucose monomers.
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cellulose
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polysaccharide that consisting of glucose monomers that reinforce plant cell walls.
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lipid
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one of a class of water avoiding compounds.
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hydrophobic
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avoids water molecules
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fat
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organic compound consisting of a three carbon backbone (glycerol) attached to three fatty acids
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saturated fat
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fat in wich all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms
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unsaturated fat
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fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogen in one or more of its fatty acid chains
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steroid
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lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings
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cholesterol
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steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells.
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protein
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polumer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers.
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amino acid
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monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups.
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polypeptide
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chain of linked amino acids.
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denaturation
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loss of normal shape ofa protein dut to heat or other factors.
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activation energy
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minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction.
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catalyst
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agent that speeds up a chemical reaction.
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enzyme
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specialized protein that catalyzes the chemical reactions of a cell.
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substrate
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specific reactant acted on by an enzyme.
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active site
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region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.
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