Biology Chapter 4 Cells

Front 1

The smallest unit of matter that can carry on all of the processes of life.

Back 1

Cell

Front 2

The theory that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, and that cells come only from existing cells.

Back 2

Cell Theory

Front 3

Internal structures that are contained in cells.

Back 3

Organelles

Front 4

The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell.

Back 4

Cell Membrane

Front 5

The large organelle near the center of the cell.

Back 5

Nucleus

Front 6

Organisms whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.

Back 6

Eukaryotes

Front 7

Unicellular organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.

Back 7

Prokaryotes

Front 8

The characteristic of a cell that only allows certain things to pass the cell membrane.

Back 8

Selectively Permeable

Front 9

The proteins attached to the surfaces of the cell membrane.

Back 9

Peripheral Proteins

Front 10

The proteins that are embedded in the bilayer.

Back 10

Integral Proteins

Front 11

The model that states that the lipid bilayer behaves more like a fluid than a solid.

Back 11

Fluid Mosaic Model

Front 12

This lies between the cell membrane and the nucleus and contains various organelles.

Back 12

Cytoplasm

Front 13

The gelatin-like aqueous fluid that organelles are bathed in.

Back 13

Cytosol

Front 14

Relatively large organelles scattered throughout the cell where chemical reactions that transfer energy from organic compounds to ATP.

Back 14

Mitochondria

Front 15

Long folds that are inside the mitochondria that greatly enlarge the surface area of the inner membrane, providing more space for the chemical reactions that occur.

Back 15

Cristae

Front 16

The most numerous organelles in a cell made up of two organic compounds (RNA and proteins).

Back 16

Ribosomes

Front 17

A system of membranous tubules and sacs.

Back 17

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Front 18

One type of endoplasmic reticulum that contains ribosomes.

Back 18

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 19

One type of endoplasmic reticulum that does not contain ribosomes.

Back 19

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 20

The processing, packaging, and secreting organelle of the cell.

Back 20

Golgi Apparatus

Front 21

Small, spherical organelles that enclose hydrolytic enzymes within single membranes.

Back 21

Lysosomes

Front 22

The structure a cell has to maintain its shape and size.

Back 22

Cytoskeleton

Front 23

The two major components of the cytoskeleton.

Back 23

Microfilament and Microtubules

Front 24

Threads of a protein that makes up microfilaments.

Back 24

Actin

Front 25

Bundles of microtubules that come together and extend across the cell when a cell is about to divide.

Back 25

Spindle Fibers

Front 26

Hair-like organelles that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement.

Back 26

Cilia flagella

Front 27

A protein skeleton that helps the nucleus maintain its shape.

Back 27

Nuclear Matrix

Front 28

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Back 28

Nuclear Envelope

Front 29

Fine strands made of DNA and protein that are inside the nuclear envelope.

Back 29

Chromatin

Front 30

Small holes in the nuclear envelope through which RNA travels from the nucleus to the cytosol.

Back 30

Nuclear Pores

Front 31

A spherical area that most nuclei contain.

Back 31

Nucleolus

Front 32

The rigid layer that surrounds plant cells.

Back 32

Cell Wall

Front 33

The second common characteristic of plant cells that store enzymes and metabolic wastes.

Back 33

Vacuole

Front 34

Organelles that, like mitochondria and the nucleus, are surrounded by two membranes and contain DNA. They store starch or fats.

Back 34

Plastid

Front 35

The most familiar type of plastid that gives plants their green color.

Back 35

Chloroplast

Front 36

A system of flattened, membranous sacs that are enclosed in chloroplast.

Back 36

Thylakoids

Front 37

A group of cells that carry out a specific function.

Back 37

Tissues

Front 38

A group of several types of tissues that interact to perform a specific function.

Back 38

Organ

Front 39

A group of organs that work together to perform a set of related tasks.

Back 39

Organ System

Front 40

A collection of genetically identical cells that live together in a closely connected group.

Back 40

Colonial Organisms

Front 41

DNA and protein in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division.

Back 41

Chromosomes