Biology Chapter 4

Front 1

Plasma Membrane

Back 1

Phospholipid bilayer that regulates the passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell

Front 2

Cell theory

Back 2

All life is made of cells

Front 3

Prokaryotic Cells

Back 3

Lack a membrane-bounded nucleus, no organelles, one circular chromosome

Front 4

Eukaryotic Cells

Back 4

Has a nucleus that houses its DNA, organelles, multiple linear chromosomes

Front 5

Cell wall

Back 5

Structure that provides support and shapes the cell

Front 6

Capsule

Back 6

Gel-like coating outside the cell wall

Front 7

Nucleoid

Back 7

Location of the bacterial chromosome

Front 8

Ribosome

Back 8

Site of protein synthesis

Front 9

Flagella and Cilia

Back 9

Involved in moving the cell or moving materials along the surface of the cell

Front 10

Organelles

Back 10

Carry out specialized functions that allow the cell to be more efficient and successful

Front 11

Enzymes

Back 11

Molecules that speed up chemical reactions

Front 12

Nucleus

Back 12

Houses the genetic material within eukaryotic chromosomes and contains hereditary information

Front 13

Endomembrane System

Back 13

The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus

Front 14

Vesicles

Back 14

Membranous sacs that enclose the molecules and keep them separate from the cytoplasm

Front 15

Cytoskeleton

Back 15

Internal framework of protein fibers; moves organelles and gives cell shape

Front 16

Chromatin

Back 16

Network of DNA and protein

Front 17

Nucleolus

Back 17

An area within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced

Front 18

Nuclear Envelope

Back 18

A double membrane of phospholipids that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Front 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 19

Complicated system of membranous channels and saccules (flattened vesicles)

Front 20

Rough ER

Back 20

Studded with ribosomes

Front 21

Smooth ER

Back 21

Does not have attached ribosomes

Front 22

Golgi Apparatus

Back 22

Modifies lipids and proteins; sorts and packages them in vesicles

Front 23

Lysosomes

Back 23

Digest molecules or old cell parts

Front 24

Vacuoles

Back 24

Large membranous sacs specialized for storage, contraction, digestion, and other functions

Front 25

Chloroplasts

Back 25

Use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates

Front 26

Mitochondria

Back 26

The site of cellular respiration; breaks down carbohydrate-derived products to adenosine triphosphate

Front 27

ATP

Back 27

Adenosine triphosphate; serves as a carrier of energy in cells

Front 28

Cellular Respiration

Back 28

Oxygen is needed and carbon dioxide is given off

Front 29

Microtubules

Back 29

Located throughout the cell and radiate outward from the centrosome; helps maintain the shape of the cell and act as tracks

Front 30

Centrosome

Back 30

A microtubule organizing center, which lies near the nucleus

Front 31

Actin Filament

Back 31

Supports the plasma membrane and projections of the cell

Front 32

Centrioles

Back 32

Present in animal cells, but not plant cells. Involved in microtubule formation

Front 33

Plasmodesmata

Back 33

Span the cell wall and allow materials to pass from one cell to another

Front 34

Extracellular Matrix

Back 34

Contains proteins and polysaccharides produced by the cell that helps support cells and aids in communication between cells

Front 35

Adhesion Junction

Back 35

Internal cytoplasmic plagues, firmly attached to the cytoskeleton within each cell, are joined by intercellular filaments

Front 36

Tight Junction

Back 36

Plasma membrane proteins actually attach to each other, producing a zipperlike fastening

Front 37

Gap Junction

Back 37

Formed when two identical plasma membrane channels join