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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell
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smallest unit of life
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Robert Hooke
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discovered the cell in 1665 by observing cork. the cork reminded him of monestary cells, hence the small life forms' names
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Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
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Worked in a lab together. Schleiden: all plants have cells
Schwann: all animals have cells |
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Rudolf Virchow
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All cells come from other cells
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size of plant/animal cells
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10-15 um
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size of bacteria cells
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0.2 um at most
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cubodial cell
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volume increases with the cube of the side length. Surface area increases with the square of its side length. (In other words volume increases faster than surface area.
at some point surface area is too small to fit volume |
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cell shape
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various cells have various shapes. white blood cells change shape to get through blood vessels
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organelles
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internal structures of cells
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cell membrane
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selectively permiable
phospholipid bilayer peripheral proteins: interior and exterior; links lipids to the membrane or other proteins in the lipid bilayer integral proteins: embedded in the bilayer; often carbs attached fluid mosaic model: lipid bilayer behaves more like a fluid. |
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cytoplasm
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contains cytosal and various organelles.
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cytosol
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gelatin like substance in the cytoplasm
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mitochondria
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have their own DNA
cristae is the inner membrane transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP |
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ribosomes
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proteins/RNA
proteins produced |
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endoplasmic reticulum
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Membranous tunnels and sacs.
“highway” Rough endoplasmic reticulum: in cells that make a lot of protein. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: synthesis of steroids in gland cells |
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Golgi apparatus
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processing, packaging, and secreting organelle
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lysosomes
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enclose hydrolytic enzymes within a single membrane
digest toxins, old organelles, etc destroyes tissues in fingers in embryo development |
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cytoskeleton
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protein strangs connected through the cell
mircofilaments: made of actin protein strands microtubles: spindle fibers that come together when the cell divides |
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cilia/flagella
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hair like organelles
propel and move the cell. move things over the cell |
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nucelus
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nucelus matrix: protein skeleton
nuclear envelope: double membrane chromatin: fine strands that are DNA/protein inside the nucleus chromosomes: formed from chormatin when cell is about to divide nuclear pores: holes in the envelope that RNA can travel through nucleolus: spherical area |
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cell wall
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lies on outside of the membrane
primary secondary (tough and woody) |
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vacuoles
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store enzymes and metabolic waste
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plastids
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surrounded by two membranes and contain DNA
store starch and fat absorb light (chloroplasts) |
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cellular organization
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cells-tissues-organs-organ systems
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evolution of cellular organisms
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1.simple prokaryotes
2.adapted to eukaryotic a. eventually lived in groups: colonial organizations 3.Evolved into plants, animals, and bacteria. |
