Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
organic compounds
|
Compounds that contain carbon
|
|
|
Organic Chemistry
|
Study of organic compounds
|
|
|
Hydrocarbons
|
simplest organic compounds; organic molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
|
|
|
Methane
|
simplest hydrocarbon
|
|
|
Carbon Skeletons (4)
|
Vary in length- may be unbranched or branched- may have double bonds(vary in location)- may be arranged in rings
|
|
|
Hydrocarbons are...
|
important fuels to our body
|
|
|
Functional Groups
|
In an organic molecule, the groups of atoms that usually participate in chemical reactions
|
|
|
Functional Goups behave...
|
consistently from one organic molecule to another
|
|
|
Macromolecules
|
Gigantic molecules i.e. DNA, Carbohydrates
|
|
|
Most Macromolecules are easily understood because...
|
they are polymers
|
|
|
Polymers
|
large molecules made by stringing together many smaller molecules(monomers)i.e Pearl Necklace-necklace
|
|
|
Monomers
|
smaller molecules i.e. Pearl Necklace-pearls
|
|
|
Dehydration reaction
|
Cells link monomers together through it- a chemical reactrion that removes a molecule of water
|
|
|
Organisms not only make macromolecules but...
|
also have to break them down.
|
|
|
Many foods are...
|
Macromolecules
|
|
|
when we digest macromolecules we release
|
monomers into my own macromolecules
|
|
|
Hydrolysis
|
means to break with water- cells break bonds between monomers by adding water to them-reverse of dehydration reaction
|
|
|
Carbohydrates
|
include small sugar molecules- "carbs" dietary energy or building material
|
|
|
Monosaccharides
|
single sugar;includes glucose, fructose; SIMPLE SUGAR
|
|
|
Isomers
|
molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures. ie. Glucose fructose. - Anagrams Heart Earth
|
|
|
Monosaccharides are the...
|
main fuel molecules for cellular work
|
|
|
Disaccharide
|
Double Sugar; constructed from two monosaccharides through a dehydration reaction. ie. maltose/malt sugar
|
|
|
Lactose is...
|
another disaccharied; known as milk sugar
|
|
|
Most common disaccharide is...
|
sucrose..common table sugar...consists of a glucose linked to a fructose
|
|
|
High fructose corn syrup is used more than...
|
Sucrose
|
|
|
One American consumes...
|
140 lbs of sugar a year
|
|
|
Major cause of tooth decay...
|
Sugar
|
|
|
Sugar is...
|
empty calories
|
|
|
Polysaccharides
|
Complex carbohydrates; long chains of sugar units- poloymers of monosaccharides
|
|
|
Starch
|
consists of may glucose monomers strung together
|
|
|
plant stach is used as food by...
|
hydrolyzing the bonds between glucose monomers within our digestive systems
|
|
|
Glycogen
|
similar in structure to starch
|
|
|
Animals store excess sugar in the form of...
|
glycogen
|
|
|
Carbo loading
|
consumption of loarge amounts of starch foods the night before an athletic event
|
|
|
Cellulose
|
most abundant organic compound on Earth- forms cable like fibrils in the tough walls that enclose plant cells and is a major component of wood
|
|
|
Cellulose resembles...
|
Starch and glycogen- polymer of glucose
|
|
|
fiber does not serves as a nutrient though...
|
it helps keep our digestive system healthy
|
|
|
Hydrophilic
|
water loving- adhere water to their surface
|
|
|
Almost all carbohydrates are...
|
hydrophilic
|
|
|
Cutting carbs means...
|
cutting calories
|
|
|
Lipids
|
diverse set of molecules ie. fats and steroids (italian dressing)
|
|
|
Hydrophobic
|
do not mix with water- fear of water
|
|
|
Fat
|
consists largely of molecules of triglyceride
|
|
|
Triglyceride
|
made of a glycerol molecule joined with three fatty acid molecules via dehydration reactions
|
|
|
Burning of excess Fat is...
|
difficult
|
|
|
Unsaturated
|
fewer than the maxiumum numver of hydrogens at the location of the double bond
|
|
|
Saturated
|
they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
|
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
Diets rich in saturated fats may contribute to cardiovascular disease by promoting this- lipid containing deposis build up wihtin wall of blood vessels
|
|
|
Hydrogenation
|
convert unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen
|
|
|
not all fats are...
|
unhealthy
|
|
|
Steroids
|
lipids; cholesterol;very different form fats in structure and function.
|
|
|
Anabolic steroids
|
synthetic bariants of of testosterone
|
|
|
THG
|
new anabolic steroid used in 2003
|
|
|
Protein
|
polymer-most elaborate of molecules- constructed from amino acid monomers
|
|
|
Enzymes
|
ie. lactase- another important type of protein change the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed in the process
|
|
|
Amino Acids
|
20 kinds- consists of a central carbon atom bonded to four covalent partners
|
|
|
eac type of amino acid has...
|
special chemical properties
|
|
|
Peptide bond
|
resulting bond between adjacent amino acids uses dehydration reactions
|
|
|
Poly peptide
|
chain of 100 or more amino acids in protein
|
|
|
Primary Structure
|
specific amino acid sequence
|
|
|
amino swaps are...
|
bad... can lead to sickle cell disease
|
|
|
when a cell makes a polypeptide the chain usually...
|
folds spontaneously to form the functional shape for that protein
|
|
|
With proteins
|
function follows form
|
|
|
Denaturation
|
some quality of the environment can cause a protein to unrave and lose its normal shape
|
