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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What determines the shape of hydrocarbon chains?
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bonds(single or double covalent)
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What are carbons most frequent partners?
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oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
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Isomers
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compounds with same molecular formula but different structures and properties.
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Structural isomers
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have different covalent arrangemnts of their atoms or location of double bond
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Geometric isomers
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have the same covalent arrangements, but differ in spatial arrangements. (either cis or trans)
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Enantiomer
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isomers that are mirror images of each other. e.g. thalidomide
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Asymmetric carbon
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attached to 4 different atoms; arranged in 2 different ways; one biologically active the other not.
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Functional Groups
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chemical groups that affect molecular function.
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What is the only nonreactive, hydrophobic functional group?
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Methyl group
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Properties of hydroxyl group
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-OH
polar molecule. |
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Properties of Carbonyl group
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carbon double bonded to oxygen.
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Properties of Carboxyl group
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-COOH
carboxyllic acids - source of H+ combo of hydroxyl and carbonyl group. |
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Properties of Amino group
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-NH2; amines
acts as a base |
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Properties of Sulfhydryl group
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-SH
2 sulfhydryl groups can interact to help stabilize protein structure. |
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Properties of Phosphate group
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-OPO3^2-; organic phosphates
makes molecule an anion- negative charge. |
