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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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blastula
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the stage of an embryo before gastrulation
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ectoderm
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the outermost of the three germ layers of an embryo that develops into epidermis and epidermal tissues, the nervous system, external sense organs, and the mucous membranes lining the mouth and anus.
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endoderm
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the innermost germ layer of the animal embryo; develops into the epithelium of the pharynx, respiratory tract, digestive tract, bladder, and urethra
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mesoderm
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in an embryo, the middle layers of cells that gives rise to muscles, blood, and various systems
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body plan
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an animal's shape, symmetry, and internal organization
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asymmetrical
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irregular in shape; without symmetry
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radical symmetry
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a body plan in which the parts of an animal's body are organized in a circle around a center axis
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bilateral symmetry
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a condition in which two equal halves of a body mirror each other
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cephalization
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the concentration of nerve tissues and sensory organs at the anterior end of an organism
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coelom
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a body cavity that contains the internal organs
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acoelomate
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an animal that lacks a coelom, or body cavity
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coelomate
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an animal that has a body cavity in which the internal organs are located
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pseudocoelomate
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an animal that has a pseudocoelom, or false body cavity.
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phylogenetic tree
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a branching diagram that shows how organisms are related through evolution.
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gastrovascular cavity
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a cavity that serves both digestive and circulatory purposes in some cnidarians
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respiration
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the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; includes breathing and cellular respiration
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gill
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in mushrooms, a structure that is located on the underside of the cap and bears the spores; in aquatic animals, a respiratory structure that consists of many blood vessels surrounded by a membrane that allows for gas exchange.
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open circulatory system
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a type of circulatory system in which the circulatory fluid is not contained entirely within vessel; a heart pumps fluid through vessels that empty into spaces called sinuses
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close circulatory system
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a ciruculatory system in which the heart circulates blood through a network of vessel that form a closed loop; the blood does not leave the blood vessels, and materials diffuse across the walls of the vessels.
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hydrostatic skeleton
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in many invertebrates, the cavity that is filled with water and that has a support function
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exoskeleton
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a hard, external supporting structure that develops from the ectoderm
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hermaphrodite
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an organism that has both male and female reproductive organs
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external fertilization
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the union of gametes outside the bodies of the parents, as in many fishes and amphibians
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internal fertilization
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fertilization of an egg by sperm that occurs inside the body of a female
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