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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are viruses living or not living?
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Not living
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In 1935, who demonstrated that viruses were not crystalized TMV, the virsus that causes tobacco mosaic disease in tobacco & tomato plants?
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Wendell Stanley
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why are viruses not considered living?
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they do not have all the characteristics of life
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Viruses are ______ particles containing __ or __ and are sorrounded by a ________.
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nonliving
DNA RNA protein coat |
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what does a protein coat do?
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provides food, protection, and durability
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capsid?
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protein coat
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envelope?
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in viruses that is derived from a host's cell nuclear membrane or cell membrane
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Classification of Viruses (Essay)
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Viruses can be classified based on whether they RNA or DNA is single or double stranded and circular or linear, by capsid shape, and whether or not they have an envelope
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DNA viruses can enter ______ and directly produce __, or they can insert into a host's
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host cells
RNA host's chromosome |
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bacteriophages?
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viruses that infect bacteria
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what is the RNA genome made out of?
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genetic material
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if a virus follows a lytic cycle...?
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make new viral particles immediately
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if a virus follows a lysogenic cycle....?
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the virus becomes part of the host genome and making new particles later
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Are viruses important tools for biotechnology?
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True
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Most scientists think viruses originated from ____________.
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fragments of host-cell nucleic-acid material (DNA)
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what are vectors?
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hosts of viral diseases include humans, animals, and insects
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Viruses cause many human diseases, including...?
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the common cold, flu, hepatitis, chickenpox, certain types of cancer, and AIDS
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what are shingles?
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adult chickenpox which are activated by some type of stress
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what are chickenpox & shingles caused by?
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the same varicella-zoster herpesvirus
e.g. - money problems |
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what is hepatitis?
what causes it? |
inflammation of the liver
caused by at least 5 viruses |
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Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E |
can be spread by fecally contaminated food and water
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Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C Hepatitis D |
spread by sexual contact, by contact with infected blood, and serum, and by the use of contaminated needles
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Hepatitis G
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speeds up metabolism
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what does HIV stand for?
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human immunodeficiency virus
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what is HIV?
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an RNA virus spread by sexual contact, by contact with infected body fluids, and from mother to fetus
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HIV and thus damages the body's immune system. The disease ____ results.
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AIDS
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AIDS stands for
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acquired immune deficiency syndrome
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some viruses contain _____ that can cause cancer
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oncogenes
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oncologist?
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analyze blood to check for cancer
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vaccine contains what?
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a weaken version of a virus, bacterium, or a toxin (poison) that causes an immune response when introduced to the body
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Do vaccines help reduce the spread of certain viral diseases?
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True
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Examples of control effects.
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Killing mosquitoes and other vectors quarantining ill patients
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Antibiotics are affective against viral diseases such as the cold?
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false
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viroids?
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short, circular, single strands of RNA (neuromuscular diseases) lacking a capsid that infect plants cells.
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prions?
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infectious particles containing protein but no nucleic acids (RNA, DNA)
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Prions cause?
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Mad cow disease, scrappie, CJD, Kuru, and similar degenerative brain diseases.
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Mad cow disease:
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staggers
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scrappie
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sheep, causes itches
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Kuru
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eating of brains of humans
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CJD
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brain and muscle meltdown
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