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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe animal characteristics.
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Multicellular, lack cell wall, heterotrophs (eat other things), typically sexual reproduction, motile (ability to move on its own), and can respond to external stimuli (run away from dangers).
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Are insects animals?
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Yes; all insect are animals.
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What is the largest insect group?
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Beetles
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What does invertebrate mean?
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Lacking a backbone.
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What are examples of invertebrates?
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Sponges, jellyfish, worms, insects, spiders, starfish and etc.
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What is the percentage of known animals that are categorized as invertebrates?
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97%
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How many species of spngers are there?
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There are 5000 species of sponges.
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Describe sponges
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They are aquatic (primarily marin
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What is the most simple, most primitive animal known. Closely relation to the first animal ancestor?
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Sponge
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As adults, sponges are considered primarily sessile. What does this mean?
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They are not motile; attached to the ground or substrate; often associated as a plant because of this.
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Describe the reproduction method of sponges.
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Asexually by budding, and sexually.
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What is ithe general means of reproduction?
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Asexual
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What is asexual reproduction by budding for sponges?
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A little piece of the sponge breaks off and forms another independent sponge.
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How do sponges reproduce sexually?
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They are sequentially hermaphrodites (both male and female organs); the swimming sperm will impregant and egg and produce a sponge.
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Can hermaphrodite sponges self-fertilize? Why or why not?
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No, because they are sequential hermaphrodites; only one of the sexual organs is mature at a given time.---
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Filter feeder
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Can filter out whats in water***
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True/False: Sponges are sources of antifungals.
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TRUE
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Sponges are the only animal that lack what?
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Tissues
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What are tissues?
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Aggregation of cells that perform a common function (i.e, muscle = contractile, nervous = brain and spinal cord)
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What are the three major specialized cell types found in sponges?
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Epithelial, Collar, and Amoeboid
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What cell type of sponges consists of the outside convering and pores to filter water?
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Epithelial
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What cell type of sponges filter and are flagellated to maintain flow and pump water in and out.
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Collar
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What cell type of sponges are free roaming, digest and distribute nutrients, and secrete skeletal materials?
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Amoeboid
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Describe Cnidarians.
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They are aquatic (mostly marine); there are 9000 known and are carnivorous predators.
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Though Cnidarians have true tissues, what do they lack?
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Cnidarians lack organs (2+ tissues that work together to perform functions)(
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What are examples of Cnidarians
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Jellyfish, corals, sea anemones
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What are the two body types of Cnidarians?
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Polyp = sessile ; Medusa = floating
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What are Cnidarians named after?
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The cnidocytes
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What are cnidocytes?
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Stinging cells that eject stinging or sticky filaments.
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What is the Cnidarians passive predation
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Tentactles contain the cnidocytes that sting and trap their prey. They don't actively seek out prey.
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Why can clownfish not get stung by cnidocytes
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They have a mucous that covers his body that keeps him from getting stung.
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Descrbe flatworms?
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Mostly parastic.
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How many known flatworms are there?
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20,000 known?
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Flatworms are known for having simple organs? What are they?
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Eyespot (sense light), simple brain, nerve cords
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Does a flatworm have a respirator or circulatory system.
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No, utilizes diffusion for gases and material throughout the body.
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What is a cephalized flatworms
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Head region has concentrated senses; eyes brains
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How many people have died in the past 120 years of jellyfish stings?
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70
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How do flatwoms undergo reproduction asexually?
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Through fission; cinching into 2 pieces and regenerating.
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How do flatwoms undergo reproduction sexually?
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They are hermaphroditic and can undergo self fertilization
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What are the two flatworms that infect people.
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Parasitic tapeworms (20m) and liver flukes
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Penis fencing is associated with what animal?
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Flatworm
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Annelids are known more commonly as what?
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Segmented worms (earth worms)
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True/False: each segment of the annelid has copies of muscles, nerves, etc.
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TRUE
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Describe the hydrostatic skeleton
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Makes the annelids more capable of complex movements (longitudinal and circular movements)
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What does an annelid's closed circulatory system contain?
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5 pairs of hearts + vessels; blood encased in tubes
Nephridia = kidney like filters |
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Describe the tubular gut of an annelid
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Its a one system. Food goes in and waste goes out the same orifice.
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What is hydrostatic skeleton
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Uses pressurized water to make muscle contractions for the water. Muscles push against water in walls to move;
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What are the three benefits of medical leeches (annelids)
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1. Anticoagulants - blood won't clots.
2. Maintain bloodflow 3. Drain excess blood |
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How many types of mollusks are known?
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50,000 known
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Though mollusks are primarily aquatic, what are the exceptions to this?
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Snails and slugs
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What kind of circulatory system does the mollusk typically have?
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It has an open circulatory system, meaning its organs are bathed in blood.
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What is the name of the blood cavity found in mollusks?
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Hemocoel
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What are examples of gastropods?
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Snails and slugs
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What are examples of bivalves?
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scallops, oysters; mussels; they are filter feeders***
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What are examples of cephalopods
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Octopus and squid
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Describe lifestyle of cephalopods?
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They are marine predators, have closed circulation, and a highly developed brain and sense
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What is considered the most abundant animal group and how many are known?
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Arthropods; 1 million are known
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What is the exoskeleton of arthropods made out of?
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Chitin and proteins
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What is the exoskeleton of arthropods used for?
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Protection, muscle attachement, water loss, and molting when required.
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Describe the body of an arthropod?
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Known for being segmented and specialized
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What kind of circulatory system does an arthropod have?
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Open circulatory system
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T/F: Arthropods have well developed sensory and nervous systems and are capable of complex behaviors and social structures?
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TRUE
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How many pairs of legs, antennae and wings must an arthropod in the insect subgroup have?
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3 pairs of legs; 1 pair of antennae, and 2 pairs of wings.
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What makes flight important to this group?
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Predator avoidance
Dispersal Food acquisition |
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What does most insect arthropods undergo as a change in body from juvenile to adult (catepillar to butterfly)?
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Metamorphosis
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The head of the arthropod for the insect subgroup is used for what to purposes?
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Sensory and feeding
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The abdomen of the arthropod for the insect subgroup is used for what to purposes?
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Digestion
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The thorax of the arthropod for the insect subgroup is used for what to purposes?
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Locomotion
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The arachnid is a subgroup of what?
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Arthropods
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What are some examples of arachnids?
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Spider, ticks, mites, scorpions
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How many legs do arachnids have?
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8 walking legs
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How do arachnid eat?
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They are mostly carnivorous (meat eater) and have a liquid diet (inject digestive enzymes into food which break them down and they drink it.)
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Describe the eyesight of a spider?
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It has 8 simple eyes under a single lens and has panoramic view
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What is the silk from a spider made out of?
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Protein; very pliable and flexible.
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An example of myriapods are?
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Centipedes and Millipedes
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Centipedes are ______ and have _ leg per segment.
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carnivorous (eat meat); 1
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Millipedes have _ leg(s) per segment.
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2
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Are myriapods aquatic or terrestrial?
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Exclusively terrestrial
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What are examples of crustaceans?
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Crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp and sowbug
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Are crustaceans aquatic or terrestrial?
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Primarily aquatic
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What are the specialized appendages a crustacean has?
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2 antennae pairs
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Roundworms are also known as...
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Nematodes
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Roundworms are important...
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Decomposers
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The body configuration of a roundworm is...
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Not segmented
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Why does a roundworm undergo diffusion?
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It has no circulatory or respiratory system.
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Roundworms periodically...
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molt
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An example of roundworm predation would be...
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Canine heartworms
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Example of echinoderms are...
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Starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins
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Echinoderms is latin for...
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Spiny skin
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Describe echinoderms' unique water vascular system.
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Network of hydraulic canals and tube feet that serve in locomotion, feeding, and gas exhange
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T/F: Echinoderms have a head?
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F
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What is the locomotion speed for an echinoderms?
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Slow moving or sessile
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T/F: Echinoderms are capable of regenerating lost arms
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T
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