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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of molecule is water? |
Polar Molecule |
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How many other water molecules can water bond with at once? |
Four |
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What is capillary action? |
Adhesion between water molecules and the tissue of plants causes water to move upward from the roots to the rest of the plant |
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What is cohesion? |
The attraction between molecules of the same substance |
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What is adhesion? |
The attraction between molecules of different substances |
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What does cohesion in water form? |
Surface Tension |
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What are macromolecules? |
Giant molecules found in the body |
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Explain the process of polymerization |
Small molecules called monomers form together to form polymers |
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Name the elements that make up carbohydrates |
1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen |
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What is the main source of protein in the human body? |
Carbohydrates |
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What is the name for single and multiple sugar molecules? |
Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides |
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Where is glycogen stored? |
The liver |
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What is glycogen used for? |
It's used to supply your muscles with energy for movement |
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What is cellulose? |
It's a polysaccharide of excess sugar stored in plants |
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Give three examples of Lipids |
Fats, oils, and waxes |
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Where would you find the sugar glucose? |
Plants |
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Where would you find the sugar galactose? |
Milk |
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Where would you find the sugar fructose? |
Fruits |
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What are nucleic acids? |
Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
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Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide |
Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base |
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What do nucleic acids do? |
Stores and transmits hereditary information |
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What is a single bond, double bond, and triple bond? |
The sharing of two, four, or six electrons between two elements |
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What are proteins? |
Polymers that are comprised of chains of amino acids |
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What are the components of proteins? |
Carbon, hydroen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
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What are the 4 most important elements that are found in all living organisms? |
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen aka "CHON" |
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What is a chemical reaction? |
A process that changes one set of chemicals into another |
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How many different amino acids exist in nature today? |
More than 20 |
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What are the functions of proteins? |
They control the rates of chemical reactions, regulate cell processes, are used to form bone and muscle, transport substances in and out of cells, and help to fight disease |
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What are catalysts? |
Substances that speed up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering their rate of activation energy |
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What are enzymes? |
They act as biological catalysts |
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What are most enzymes affected by? |
Temperature |
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How are reactants and products related to chemical reactions? |
The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are called the reactants and the elements and compounds that are produced are called the products |
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Explain the two parts of a solution |
The solute is the thing that dissolves and the solvent is what the solute dissolves into |
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What are the reactants that are catalyzed (sped up) by enzymes called? |
Subtrates |
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What area the two types of chemical reactions? |
Energy absorbing reactions (endothermic) and energy releasing reactions (exothermic) |
