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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is matter?
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anything that occupies space
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what is mass?
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the quantity of matter an object has
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how is mass measured?
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by grams
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how is volume measured?
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measured with graduated cylinder (in liters)
measured with ruler (cm cubed |
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how is weight measured?
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newtons & with spring scale
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how is temperature measured?
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thermometer and by F, C, and K
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how is density measured?
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mass over volume
(grams/cm3) |
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how is length measured?
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long or distance
meters |
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all matter has both ______ & ______ properties.
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physical and chemical
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Name non-measurable properties:
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color, shape, ductility, conductivity, transparency, luster, texture, cleavage, elasticity, flexibility, corrosive, and malleability.
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who was 1st to proclaim matter is made up of indivisible particles that cannot be divided?
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democritus (greek philosopher)
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who developed the atomic theory?
1st progress since democritus? |
john dalton
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name the atomic theory
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1. atoms of the same element are the same
2. atoms of different elements are different 3. atoms combine to form new substances that are made of molecules 4. molecules of the same substance are made up of the same kinds and # of atoms |
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who proved the existence of subatomic particles (electrons and protons)?
plum pudding theory? |
jj thomson
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who? 1908: tested Dalton’s theory (see if it’s true, uses gold [very dense] and throws positive charge at it)
-Fired a stream of [positively charged] particles at a sheet of gold foil -Observed the deflection of the particles (positive particles in atom) -Concluded that positiveness is concentrated in a small area called the nucleus. |
ernest rutherford
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who discovered the neutron has no charge?
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james chadwick
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who proposed that each electron travels in a specific energy level or orbit, shell, electron cloud?
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niels bohr
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________ are made of a single kind of atom and cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances.
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elements
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atoms are composed of ____________________.
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protons, neutrons, and electrons
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protons and neutrons make up the _______ of the atom.
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nucleus
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electrons move about the nucleus in ______.
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orbitals (electron cloud shell)
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Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons are called ________.
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes were discovered by ________.
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henri becquerel.
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They are unstable and decay into a stable element (radiometric dating/carbon dating/half-life) *
-They are used as tracers to diagnose a disease. * (Barium) * |
yep, so true
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______ consist of atoms of 2 or more elements that are joined by chemical bonds in a fixed proportion.
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compounds
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water is considered to a be a ____ molecule due to uneven distribution of charge
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polar
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the electrons in a water molecule are shared ____________________.
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unevenly between hydrogen and oxygen.
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The polarity of water makes it effective at dissolving other polar substances such as sugars, ionic compounds, and some proteins.
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true
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a ________ consists of a ______ dissolved in a ________.
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solution
solute solvent |
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a _____ is the substance being dissolved.
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solute
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the ________ is the substance that does the dissolving.
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solvent
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______ is known as the universal solvent
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water
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acids are ____, and ________.
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sour
corrosive to metal |
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_____ are compounds that contain hydrogen and can dissolve in water. They release hydrogen ion H+
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acids
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____ and _____ combine to form a salt.
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acid and bases
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bases are slippery
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true (soap, lue)
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a base will accept a ______. (negative)
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proton
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a base will donate a ___________. (OH-)
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hydroxide ion
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__________ contains more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions.
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basic solutions
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bases neutralize acids.
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true
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scientists have developed what kind of scale for comparing the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution?
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pH scale
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what does the pH scale range from?
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0-14
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