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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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elements
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substances that cannot be broken down chemically into smaller substances
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atom
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smallest unit of a chemical element
(neutral, unlike ions, whose pos/neg charges don't balance) |
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protons
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in the nucleus
positive charge (pro = positive) 1 amu |
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amu
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atomic mass unit
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neutron
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in nucleus w/ protons
no charge 1 amu |
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electron
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outside nucleus in electron cloud
negative charge- same amount as protons, they balance out |
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in an atom, the first energy level outside the nucleus can hold
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2 electrons
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the second and third energy levels can hold
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8 electrons
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atomic number
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number of protons- which is also the amount of electrons because they're equal.
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isotope
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atoms of the same element, but they have different masses
(same amount of electrons and protons, but diff. amt. neutrons) |
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mass number (atomic mass)
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# protons + # neutrons
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example of atomic stuff:
_______ I 6 I atomic number I C I symbol I 12 I atomic mass (that means there are 6 neutrons) |
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compound
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atoms of 2 or more elements joined by a chemical bond
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chemical formula
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symbols used to represent compounds, shows the kind of elements in compound and how many atoms of each in a molecule
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what is the most abundant element in the universe?
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hydrogen
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what's the lightest element?
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hydrogen
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which is heavier, oxygen or hydrogen, and by how much?
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oxygen, 16 times heavier
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name the four main elements that make up living things.
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oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon
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what's the difference between ionic bonding and covalent bonding?
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ionic- electron removed and brought to another atom to stabilize both- transfer! (animal skins!)
covalent- connect to each other to stabilize- sharing! (huddling for warmth) |
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what holds two ions together?
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positive and negative charges attract each other, cause they both want to become neutral
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what is the result of an ionic bond?
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2 ions- charged particles from a gain or loss of 1+ electrons, stuck together with their charges
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what is the result of a covalent bond
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a molecule- 2+ atoms stuck together from the sharing of an electron
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solute
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what you add to a solution
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solvent
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where the solute is added to
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acids have more ____
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hydronium (H3O) (or H+)
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alkalines/bases have more
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hydroxide- OH-- ions
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what is neutral on the pH scale?
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7
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organic compound
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compound with carbon in it
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functional group
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cluster of atoms on organic compounds
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alcohol
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an organic compound w/ hydroxyl group attached to 1 of its carbon atoms
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give 2 examples of alcohol
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glycerol
ethanol |
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how does hydroxyl, a functional group, affect the properties of alcohol?
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allows it to have much of the same characteristics as water, including clear, viscous liquid & forming hydrogen bonds
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