Biology Chapter 2 Caleb Bailey

Front 1

Nutrients

Back 1

Raw material needed to make complex molecules

Hint 1

1. These are the ______ needed for making complex molecules

2. They are necessary for all living things because they _____

Front 2

Heterotrophs

Back 2

They get their energy and nutrients by eating other living things (or stuff that used to be)

Hint 2

1. Examples: Carnivores like cats and people

Front 3

Autotrophs

Back 3

Producers; They get their energy and nutrients from nonliving things (ie sun, air)

Hint 3

1. Examples would be plants

Front 4

Photoautotrophs

Back 4

Make their own food and nutrients by using light as an energy

Hint 4

1. Split into two words, autotrophs and photo

2. Plants absorbing sun ___________

Front 5

Photosynthesis

Back 5

A set of chemical reactions that uses light energy to make organic compounds from CO2 and H2O

Hint 5

1. How Photoautotrophs get their food

Front 6

Chemoautotrophs

Back 6

Make their own food and nutrients through chemical reactions.

Hint 6

1. Get food through chemosynthesis

2. Example: Deep sea vent

Front 7

Chemosythesis

Back 7

Set of chemical reactions that use chemical energy to make organic compounds. Uses oxidation of inorganic molecules or methane as a source of energy.

Hint 7

1. Think of photosynthesis but with chemical reactions

Front 8

Cell respiration

Back 8

Set of chemical reactions used by all organisms to release energy from organic compounds to perform necessary life functions

Hint 8

1. The respiratory system is needed to live much like this is _______

Front 9

Producers

Back 9

Produce the food other organisms use

Hint 9

1. It's in the name

2. Plants

Front 10

Consumers

Back 10

Consume plants and other organisms for food

Hint 10

1. People

2. It's in the name

Front 11

Decomposers

Back 11

Ones that break down and use dead plants and animals as food (ie bacteria, fungi)

Hint 11

1. Fungus and bacteria

2. It's in the name

Front 12

Food web

Back 12

Shows the relationship between producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem to show transfer of energy

Hint 12

1. A more complex and all over the place food chain

Front 13

Biotic

Back 13

Living things

Hint 13

1. Bio is the study of living things

2. I am a _____

Front 14

Abiotic

Back 14

Nonliving things

Hint 14

1. A is opposite SOO

2. Bio is living

Front 15

Ecosystem

Back 15

Includes all abiotic and biotic factors in a place (ie a coral reef)

Hint 15

1. Middle in terms of size for habitats and biosphere

Front 16

Habitats

Back 16

Part of an ecosystem where certain organisms live

Hint 16

1. More specific that ecosystem

2. Note: Only living things

Front 17

Biosphere

Back 17

All ecosystems on earth

Hint 17

1. Most broad scope (without other planets)

2. Think of what the earth has in it, it has all that

Front 18

Energy

Back 18

The capacity to do work or to cause change

Hint 18

1. Something must _____ in order for something to happen

2. It is the _____ to do _____

Front 19

Chemical energy

Back 19

Energy stored in molecules that's released during chemical reactions

Hint 19

1. Energy stored in _______

2. It is the immediate amount of energy you have

Front 20

Free Energy

Back 20

The portion of chemical energy that is available to do work

Hint 20

1. Not all energy is there, some is lost so you have this

2. There is ________ and then there is not-free energy. And this is the opposite of the later

Front 21

Heat energy

Back 21

A form of energy that is lost in a system thus reducing the amount of free energy

Hint 21

1. Your body gives this off due to all the reactions taking place

Front 22

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 22

(Conservation of Energy) - Energy can't be created or lost

Hint 22

1. Conservation of Mass but energy

2. You can't just make stuff and get rid of stuff if you think about it dummy

Front 23

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 23

Systems tend to change in a way that increases the entropy (disorder) of the system and its surroundings (free energy decreases and disorganization increases) (Energy moves in one direction through the food chain and much of it is lost as heat)

Hint 23

1. With order comes _______

2. As free energy decreases than the disorder must _____ (hint it's the opposite)

Front 24

Entropy

Back 24

Disorder, disorganization

Hint 24

1. It increases when free energy decreases

Front 25

Enzymes

Back 25

Proteins that lower activation energy needed for a biochemical reaction. This allows them to happen at a faster rate

Hint 25

1. Catalysts of proteins

Front 26

Catalysts

Back 26

Helps speed up something. In this case it lowers activation energy.

Hint 26

1. They help stuff do stuff better to be broad

Front 27

Active site

Back 27

A small region on an enzymes tertiary structure that matches up with small region of reacting substance

Hint 27

1. The important part on an enzyme like a key

Front 28

Substrate

Back 28

The reactant

Hint 28

1. The thing that the enzyme takes in to be basic

Front 29

Metabolism

Back 29

All the chemical activities and changes that take place in a cell or an organism

Hint 29

1. Think of how skinny someone with a high metabolism is compared to someone with a low one

2. More chemical changes means more reactions means faster digestion which means smaller people

Front 30

Synthesis

Back 30

A "building up" reaction

Hint 30

1. Remember balanced equations and how they joined up in synthesis reactions? It's that

2. Think of it as putting together lego pieces to build something

Front 31

Decomposition

Back 31

A "breaking down" reaction

Hint 31

1. Remember those chemical reactions with balancing and how one compound broke into two molecules? It's that

2. Picture breaking that lego crap

Front 32

Biosynthesis

Back 32

These form larger, more complex biomolecules from small, less complex ones

Hint 32

1. When simple stuff becomes more complex

2. Just like synthesis except a twist

Front 33

Oxidation

Back 33

Removal of electrons from a molecule

Hint 33

1. Learning this in chemistry, it's the electrons being taken away

2. Basically there is an electron thief on the loose so be wary

Front 34

ATP ADP

Back 34

ATP is adenosine triphosphate. Free energy ends up in this molecule. ATP is chemical form of free energy that is released through oxidation.

ADP is when ATP gives up one phosphate group. ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate.

Hint 34

1. Where free energy ends up except in chemical form