Biology Chapter 2

Front 1

How many Valence electrons does each carbon atom have?

Back 1

4 valence elecetrons

Front 2

what gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length ?

Back 2

a carbon atoms can bond to another carbon atoms

Front 3

molecules in liveing cells are so lagre that they are called _______?

Back 3

macromolecules

Front 4

When monomomers join together they form ________?

Back 4

polymers

Front 5

What are the 4 groups of organic compounds found in living things?

Back 5

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Nucleic Acids
4. Protien

Front 6

What atoms make p carbohydrates?

Back 6

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxtgen atoms

Front 7

What some examples of carbohydrates?

Back 7

Surgar and starches

Front 8

What are carbohydrates used for in liveing things?

Back 8

main sorce of energy

Front 9

What do plants and animals use carbohydrates for?

Back 9

for strength and regidity

Front 10

Single surgar molecules are called _____?

Back 10

monosaccharides

Front 11

Name 3 monosaccarides.

Back 11

galactose, glucose, frucose

Front 12

What is a large macromolecules formed from monosaccharies

Back 12

ploysaccharides

Front 13

How do plants and animals store excess sugar?

Back 13

In polysaccharide called glycogen or animal starch

Front 14

What kind of atoms are lipids mostly made up of?

Back 14

carbon and hydrogen atoms

Front 15

What are 3 common categories of lipids?

Back 15

fats, oils, waxes

Front 16

What are some ways that fat is used in liveing things?

Back 16

As a part of biological membranes, to store energy, as a chemical messengers

Front 17

Each carbon atom in a lipid's fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond

(kind of lipid)

Back 17

saturated

Front 18

at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid

(kind of lipid)

Back 18

unsaturated

Front 19

A lipid's fatty acid contain more than one double bond

Back 19

polyunsaturated

Front 20

Nucleic acids contain what kind of atom?

Back 20

hydroen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon phosphorus

Front 21

The monomers that make up nucleic acids are known as _____?

Back 21

nucleotides

Front 22

A nucleotide consists of what 3 parts?

Back 22

5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Front 23

What is the function of nucleic acids in living things?

Back 23

Nucleic acid store and transmit hereditary or genetic information

Front 24

What are 2 kinds of nucleic acids?

Back 24

1. ribonucleic acid
2. deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 25

Protien contains what kind of atoms?

Back 25

nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Front 26

process tha changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Back 26

chemical reaction

Front 27

What are these?

1. sequence of amino acid in protien chain
2. amino acid within a chain can be twisted or folded
3. chain itself is folded
4. specific arrangement in space as illustrated by the red and blue structres

Back 27

Theses are 4 roles that proteins play in a living thing

Front 28

Element or compound that enter in a chemical reaction

Back 28

reactants

Front 29

element or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Back 29

products

Front 30

chemical reactions always involve changes in chemical ____?

Back 30

bonds

Front 31

What is released or absorbed whenever chemical bonds form or aew broken?

Back 31

energy

Front 32

What do chemical reactions that absorb energy need to occur?

Back 32

a source of energy

Front 33

chemists call the energy neeeded to get a reaction started the ______?

Back 33

activation

Front 34

LOOK WORD FOR THE ENERGY-RELEASING REACTION CHART

Back 34

A. Reaction
B. Activation
C. Products

Front 35

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Back 35

catalyst

Front 36

protien that act as a biological catalysts

Back 36

enzymes

Front 37

How do cells use enzymes?

Back 37

They use them to speed up chemical reactons that take place in cells

Front 38

From what is part of an enzyme's name usually derived?

Back 38

from itts catalyzes the reactiob that removes water from carbonicacid

Front 39

The reactants of enzyme-catayzed reactions are known as ______?

Back 39

substrates

Front 40

Why are the active sites and the substrates in an enzyme-catalyzrd reaction often compared to a lock and key?

Back 40

b.c the fit is so precise

Front 41

The binding together of an enzyme and a substrate forms a (an) ______?

Back 41

enzyme-substrate complex

Front 42

How do most cells regulate the activity of enzymes?

Back 42

Most cells cntain protien that help turn key enzymes "on" or "off" at criticle stages in the life of a cell

Front 43

What is released or absorbed whenever chemical bonds form or aew broken?

Back 43

energy

Front 44

What do chemical reactions that absorb energy need to occur?

Back 44

a source of energy

Front 45

chemists call the energy neeeded to get a reaction started the ______?

Back 45

activation

Front 46

LOOK WORD FOR THE ENERGY-RELEASING REACTION CHART

Back 46

A. Reaction
B. Activation
C. Products

Front 47

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Back 47

catalyst

Front 48

protien that act as a biological catalysts

Back 48

enzymes

Front 49

How do cells use enzymes?

Back 49

They use them to speed up chemical reactons that take place in cells

Front 50

From what is part of an enzyme's name usually derived?

Back 50

from itts catalyzes the reactiob that removes water from carbonicacid

Front 51

The reactants of enzyme-catayzed reactions are known as ______?

Back 51

substrates

Front 52

Why are the active sites and the substrates in an enzyme-catalyzrd reaction often compared to a lock and key?

Back 52

b.c the fit is so precise

Front 53

The binding together of an enzyme and a substrate forms a (an) ______?

Back 53

enzyme-substrate complex

Front 54

How do most cells regulate the activity of enzymes?

Back 54

Most cells cntain protien that help turn key enzymes "on" or "off" at criticle stages in the life of a cell

Front 55

C6H12O6

Back 55

monosaccharides