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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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quantity of matter an object has
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mass
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the pull of gravity on an object
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weight
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pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter
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elements
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simplest particle that retains all properties of an element
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atom
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central core with two types of particles
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nucleus
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positively charged praticle, mass of 1 amu
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proton
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particle with no charge, mass of 1 amu
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nuetron
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the total number of protons and neutrons
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atomic mass
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high energy particles with very little mass (0 amu)
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electron
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energy levels, electrons travel on them
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energy shells
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when all the electrons are at their lowest state of potential energy
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ground state
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electrons in the outer level
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valence or bonding electrons
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no more than 8 electrons can occupy the outer energy level, this makes the atom more stable and is why atoms bond with eachother
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octet rule
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if the atom in nature has a filled outer energy level and they dont react with other elements
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inert or noble
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shows how electrons are arranged
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electron configuration
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atoms of the same element that differ in the number of protons in the nucleus
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isotopes
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the time it takes for half of any size sample of an isotope to decay
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half life
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used to diagnose thyroid problems
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radioactive iodine
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a pure substance made of two or more elements
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compound
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shows the kinds and proportions of atoms of each element in a particular compound
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chemical formula
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the have the same molecular formula, different structural formula
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isomers
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when an element undergoes a chemical reaction and becomes more stable
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chemical bond
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when two or more elements share one or more pairs of electrons
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covalent bonds
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the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of the substance and can exist in a free state
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molecule
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in _____ bonds sometimes the electrons are shared unequally. these are called ______ _____ bonds
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covalent, polar covalent
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the electrons are distributed equally around the molecule
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non-polar bond
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what happens when covalent compounds dissolve in water?
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they will stay bonded together
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formed by the transfer of electrons from on atom to another
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ionic bond
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when the element loses electrons and becomes positive because it loses negative charges
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cation
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when the element gains electrons and becomes negative because it gains negative charges
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anion
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charged atoms
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ions
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___ compounds in water are weak, and they separate
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ionic
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attraction between molecules because of "hot spots" or charges on the molecules
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Van der Waals Interactions
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molecules that when exposed to water will coalesce to form droplets to exclude water, they dont like water
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hydrophobic interactions
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building blocks of elements
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atoms
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negative ion
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anion
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indicates the number of protons that identify a given element
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atomic number
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a force that holds elements together in a compound/molecule
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bond
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indicates the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter
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chemical reaction
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the attraction of an atom for the electron of a covalent bond
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electronegativity
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hold ions together in an ionic compound
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electrostatic force
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weak bonds formed between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in a molecule and a nearby slightly negative atom (oxygen or nitrogen) of another molecule
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hydrogen bond
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charged particles which are atoms that have gained or lost electrons
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ions
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