Biology Chapter 2

Front 1

What does a matter that makes up every object in the universe consist of?

Back 1

one or more elements

Front 2

element

Back 2

Is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into other substances. ex: pure oxygen (o), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sodium, (Na), and Hydrogen(h)

Front 3

nineteenth centuryRussian chemist Dimitry Mendelvey invented?

Back 3

the periodic table

Front 4

periodic table

Back 4

the chart we still use today. the chart is periodic because the chemical properties of the elements repeat in each column of the table. emphasize the elements that makes up an organism

Front 5

How many elements are essential to life?

Back 5

25

Front 6

bulk elements

Back 6

Are required in the largest amounts because they make up the vast majority of every living cell.

Front 7

What are the four most abundant bulk elements in life?

Back 7

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Front 8

minerals

Back 8

are esentail elements other than C,H,O, and N.some include phosphorus (P), sodium (NA), magnesium (Mg), potassium (k), and calcium (Ca) are bulk elements

Front 9

trace elements

Back 9

are other bulk elements meaning they are required in small amounts.

Front 10

thyroid gland

Back 10

requires the element iodine (I).if the diet doesn't supply enough iodine the thyroid may become enlarged, forming a growth called a goiter

Front 11

What does blood require to carry oxygen to the body tissues?

Back 11

iron (Fe)

Front 12

atom

Back 12

is the smallest possible piece of an element that retains the characteristics of the element. composed of three types of subatomic particles:protons, nutrients, nucleus, electrons

Front 13

protons

Back 13

carry positive charge

Front 14

neutrons

Back 14

which are uncharged together to form a central nucleus

Front 15

electrons

Back 15

are negatively charged and surround the nucleus. is vanishingly small compared with a proton or a neutron

Front 16

Where are most of an atoms mass concentrated?

Back 16

in the nucleus, while the electron cloud occupies virtually all of its volume

Front 17

What helps explain the paradox?

Back 17

the fact that the electrons are in constant motion

Front 18

atomic number

Back 18

each element has a unique one. the number of protons in the nucleus. ex. hydrogen has 1 atomic number, an atom of uranium has 92 protons

Front 19

How are elements arranged?

Back 19

sequentially in the periodic table by an atomic number, which appears above each element's symbol

Front 20

What happens when the number of protons and electrons are equal?

Back 20

the atom is electrically natural; that is, it has no net change.

Front 21

ion

Back 21

is an atom (or group of atoms) that has gained of lost electrons and therefor has a net negative or positive change

Front 22

What are common positively charged ions called?

Back 22

cations, include hydrogen (H), sodium (Na), and potassium (K)

Front 23

What do negatively charged ion (anions) consist of?

Back 23

hydroxide (OH), and chloride(CL)

Front 24

what biological process does ions participate in

Back 24

transmission of messages in the nervous system

Front 25

atom mass number

Back 25

is a total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Front 26

isotope

Back 26

is any of these different forms of a single element.
ex. carbon has three isotopes, designated C12(six neutrons),C13 (seven neutrons) C14( eight neutrons). the superscript in each isotope's symbol denotes the mass number

Front 27

an elements atomic mass (also called atomic weight)

Back 27

is the average mass of all isotopes because nearly all carbon atoms contain six neutrons, carbon's atomic mass is very close to 12 in the periodic table

Front 28

Many of the known isotopes are unstable and radioactive which means:

Back 28

They emit energy as rays of particles when they break down into more stable forms.

Front 29

radioactive isotope

Back 29

has a characteristic of a half-life, which is the time it takes for a half of the atoms in a sample to emit reaction, or "decay" to a different, more stable form

Front 30

molecule

Back 30

is two or more chemically joined atoms

Front 31

some molecules consist of two atoms of the same element

Back 31

gasses hydrogen(H2) , Oxygen (O2), or Nitrogen atoms

Front 32

compound

Back 32

is a molecule composed of two or more different elements

Front 33

nitric oxide

Back 33

is a compound consisting of of nitrogen and one oxygen atom

Front 34

What is water made of?

Back 34

is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen