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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleotide
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-made up of 5-C sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose) -nitrogen base (4 different types) -phosphate group -side note: 2 types of them are DNA & RNA |
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BREAK
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BREAK
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Proteins
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-made of CHONPS -Humans: 50000-100000 different types of proteins in body -submit - monomer -20 types of amino acids in all living systems |
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Structure of an amino acid
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- amine group (-NH2) -Carboxyl group (-COOH) -R-group (differs for the 20 different types of amino acids |
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Essential Amino Acids
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-13 amino acids essential -must be eaten cannot make -be careful eating a veggie diet |
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Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds
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-polypeptide: chain of amino acid -proteins: 100's-1000's of aa's folded shape |
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4 levels of organization (first2) (second 2 on next NC)
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Primary:
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the sequence of amino acids
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Secondary:
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Amino acids within a chain can be twisted or folded
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Tertiary:
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The chain itself can be fold resulting in a 3-D shape
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Quakrnary:
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Specific folded protein chains (shapes) fit together like puzzle pieces
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Enzymes
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make chemical reactions happen I living organisms -es-salivaryamylase in saliva-begin process of digestion |
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Catalyst
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-substance that speeds up the rate of chemical reaction by lowering a reaction activation energy
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Enzymes
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-they are a special type of protein that acts as a biological catalyst -they provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react |
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Affected
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enzymes are affected by changes in pH & temp
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Substrate
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the reactants of enzyme - catalyzed reactacts
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Active site
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an area of the enzyme that fits like a lock & key with the substrate the active site and the substrate have complementary shapes like lock & key
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Lactase
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it only breaks down lactose
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chemical reaction
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a process that changes of transforms on set of chemical into another
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Reactants
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elements or compounds enter into chemical reaction
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Products
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element or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
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