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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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James Watson and Francis Crick |
Introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA |
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Bacteriophages |
Widely used in molecular genetic research, viruses. |
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Transformation |
Change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA |
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Origins of replication |
Site where the two DNA strands are separated, opening up a replication bubble, where replication begins |
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Semiconservative model |
Predicts that when a double helix replicates, each daughter molecule will have one old strand and one new strand. |
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Replication fork |
Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are elongated |
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Helicases |
Enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks |
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Single-strand binding proteins |
Bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA |
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Topoisomerase |
Corrects over-winding ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling and rejoining DNA strands. |
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DNA polymerases |
Catalyze the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork |
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Primer |
Initial nucleotide strand, a short RNA |
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Primase |
Can start an RNA chain from scratch and adds RNA nucleotides one at a time using parental DNA as a template |
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Leading strand |
DNA polymerase synthesizes the leading strand, moving toward the replication fork
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Lagging strand |
DNA polymerase must work in the direction away from the replication fork to elongate the lagging strand |
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Okazaki fragements |
Series of segments that synethesizes lagging strand |
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DNA ligase |
Joins Okazaki fragments together |
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Mismatch repair |
Repair enzymes correct erorrs in base paring |
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Nucleotide excision repair |
A nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA |
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Telomeres |
Special nucleotide sequences at the end of Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA |
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Telomerase |
Catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in germ cells |
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Nucleoid |
Region of the cell that has supercoiled DNA in a bacterium |
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Chromatin |
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is precisely combined with proteins in a complex called chromatin |
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Euchromatin |
Loosely packed chromatin |
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Heterochromatin |
Highly condensed |
