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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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In 1950's, the drug __________ was developed to help allergies but was found to have profound effect on people with psychotic diseases.
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Chlorpromazine, Thorazine
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__________ therapy, where an electrical current is passed through the brain and acts as a reset mechanism, is still used today to treat patients with severe depression who fail to respond to all other treatments.
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Electroconvulsive
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________ is a type of mental illness where the patient suffers from severe mood swings of extreme highs and extreme lows.
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Manic Depression
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Two words
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During a manic depression low episode, the production of the neurotransmitter ___________ is deficient.
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serotonin
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During depressive episode the production of the neurotransmitter ____________ is deficient.
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Serotonin
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__________, a class of drugs, were developed to prevent the removal of serotonin in the synapse.
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Inhibitor's or SSRI's
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Alzheimer's disease reults from the accumulation of protein aggregates known as _____________.
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Amyloid plaques
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Two words
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The first region of the brain affected by the accumulation of protein aggregates is the ____________.
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Hippocampus
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The brains of Alzheimer's patients have characteristic __________ plaques and _________, which will prevent neural transmission and eventually cause cell death.
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Amyloid, protein fibrils
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There were 3 main types of treatments used in the first half of the 20th century to try and cure mental illness. Explain the different treatments used.
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The three treatments were electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in which electrical current was passed through the brain to cause seizures, insulin shock therapy in which patients received a massive dose of insulin to induce a state of hypoglycemia, and prefrontal lobe lobotomy which removed parts of the frontal lobe.
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Short answer
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Explain how the discovery of psychiatric drugs helped revolutionize treatment for severely ill mental patients.
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Psychotic drugs were developed in the early 1950's. The drug, chorpromazine (Thorazine), was used to treat patients who suffered from severe psychotic diseases such as schizophrenia. before thorazine the positive long-term prognosis for psychotic patients was less than 20%. After thorazine this improved it over 70%.
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Short Answer
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In 1963 a deinstitutionalization policy was enacted. Explain whaat teh deinstitutionalization policy was and why it didn't work quite the way people thought it would.
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Deinstitutionalization was created to release mentally ill patients from their institutions in hopes that they would receive humane care for less cost. These people, however, became homeless and money communities found it difficult to deal with the new mentally-disturbed citzens. Without the support of the community many people ended up living a life worse than that in the mental hospitals.
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Short Answer
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ECT has become a last resort treatment for some people with severe depression. The exact physiological mechanism by which it works remains unclear. Explain what is thought to happen when ECT is administered.
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It is thought that the electrical current that passes through the brain somehow resets the neural circuitry by inducing a seizure. Patients wake up without any memory of their hospitalization and treatment and their depression gone. This is not a cure but merly causes the depression to go away for a while.
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Short Answer
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Manic depression is characterized by 2 distinct phases. Describe each phase.
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Manic phases is characterized by exaggerated mood elation and many also experience great anticipation or excitement for the furture. The manic phase has also been associated with extreme creativity where affective individuals are driven to achieve superhuman tasks with unbounded energy. The depressive phase occurs shortly after the manic phase. Patients will become severely depressed and see their lives as nothing but a failure. They often times become suicidal during this phase.
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Short Answer
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Explain what is happening to people who have Alzheimer's.
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Alzheimer's disease which begins in the hippocampus is caused by the accumulation of protein aggregates called amyloid plaques in the brain. The accumulation of amyloid occurs around nerve cells. These protein deposits block communication between nerve cells eventually leading to cell death
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Short Answer
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