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16 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
A condition in which an individual organism has either more or fewer chromosomes than is normally found in its species' full set.
aneuploidy
________ is the result of aneuploidy— generally three copies of chromosome 21, rather than the standard two.
Down syndrome
A genetic disorder caused by a single faulty allele located on an autosomal (non-sex chromosome).
autosomal dominant disorder
Name an example of autosomal dominant disorder.
Huntington disease
A recessive dysfunction caused by a faulty allele on an autosome (non-sex chromosome).
autosomal recessive disorder
Name one example of autosomal recessive disorder.
Sickle-cell anemia
A person who does not suffer from a recessive genetic debilitation, but who carries an allele for the condition that can be passed along to offspring.
carrier
A chromosomal condition in which a piece of a chromosome has been lost. Occurs when a chromosomal fragment that breaks off does not rejoin any chromosome.
deletion
Genetic conditions in which a single faulty allele can cause damage, even when a second, functional allele exists.
dominant disorder
A disorder in humans in which affected individuals usually have three copies of chromosome 21 rather than the standard two. Individuals with this syndrome have short stature, shortened life span, and low IQ.
Down syndrome
A chromosomal abnormality that comes about when a chromosomal fragment that rejoins a chromosome does so with an inverted orientation.
inversion
The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis, resulting in unequal numbers of chromosomes in the daughter cells. ___________ results in aneuploidy.
nondisjunction
A familial history of genetically transmissible conditions; generally takes the form of a diagram.
pedigree
A form of sympatric speciation in which one or more sets of chromosomes are added to the genome of an organism. Human beings cannot survive in a ______ state, but many plants flourish in it.
polyploidy
A medical condition that will not occur when an organism possesses a single functional allele for a given trait.
recessive disorder
The swapping of fragments by nonhomologous chromosomes, resulting in gene sequences that are out of order on both chromosomes.
translocation