Biology Chapter 12

Front 1

purine nucleotide that forms pairs with cytosine

Back 1

adenine

Front 2

pyrimidine nucleotide that forms pairs with adenine

Back 2

guanine

Front 3

group of three bases complementary to a specific mRNA codon, found on a tRNA molecule

Back 3

anticodon

Front 4

intervening, non-expressed, portions removed from mRNA by splicing

Back 4

?

Front 5

each of four varieties of building blocks used for forming DNA

Back 5

nucleotide

Front 6

mRNA sequence for a specific nucleotide

Back 6

?

Front 7

genetic code where each codon consists of three nucleotide bases

Back 7

triplet code

Front 8

a mold used to produce a shape complementary to itself

Back 8

template

Front 9

end of a eukaryotic chromosome formed by short repeating DNA sequences

Back 9

telomere

Front 10

field of biology dedicated to understanding the structure of proteins and how they function in metabolic pathways

Back 10

proteomics

Front 11

enzyme that adds a nucleotide to the 3' end of the mRNA polymer under construction

Back 11

RNA polymerase

Front 12

purine nucleotide that forms pairs with thymine

Back 12

cytosine

Front 13

start codon

Back 13

AUG

Front 14

process whereby each daughter DNA strand comes to contain one old strand from the parental DNA double helix and one new strand

Back 14

semiconservative replication

Front 15

translation step in which a polypeptide increases in length one amino acid at a time

Back 15

elongation

Front 16

expressed region of the mRNA transcript

Back 16

?

Front 17

the process of copying a DNA molecule

Back 17

DNA replication

Front 18

translation step where the polypeptide and protein synthesis components are separated from one another

Back 18

termination

Front 19

complex of the mRNA transcript undergoing translation with several ribosomes attached

Back 19

?

Front 20

RNA nucleotide that forms pairs with adenine

Back 20

uracil

Front 21

translation step where the ribosomal subunits, mRNA, and initiator tRNA first come together

Back 21

initiation

Front 22

protein playing a structural role in the organization of chromosomes

Back 22

histones

Front 23

RNA that transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

Back 23

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Front 24

structure formed when a DNA strand wraps around a histone core

Back 24

nucleosome

Front 25

loosely coiled active chromatin containing genes that are being transcribed

Back 25

euchromatin

Front 26

movement of the ribosome forward, during translation, so that the peptide-bearing tRNA is now at the P site of the ribosome

Back 26

?

Front 27

DNA region where RNA polymerase binds to start the process of transcription

Back 27

promoter

Front 28

highly compacted chromosome area

Back 28

heterochromatin

Front 29

process where DNA serves as a template for RNA formation

Back 29

transcription

Front 30

process where the mRNA transcript directs the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Back 30

translation

Front 31

V-shaped structure found wherever eukaryotic DNA is undergoing replication

Back 31

replication fork

Front 32

physical structure of DNA

Back 32

double helix

Front 33

RNA used as a building block in ribosome structure

Back 33

Ribosomal

Front 34

RNA that takes a message from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Back 34

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Front 35

enzyme complex responsible for construction of new DNA strands

Back 35

DNA polymearse

Front 36

pyrimidine nucleotide that forms pairs with guanine

Back 36

cytosine