Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
transcription
|
process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
|
|
|
promoter
|
region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA
|
|
|
intron
|
intervening sequence of DNA; does not code for a protein
|
|
|
exon
|
expressed sequence of DNA; code for protein
|
|
|
codon
|
three nucleotide sequence on a messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
|
|
|
translation
|
decoding of an mRNA message into a poly-peptide chain
|
|
|
anticodon
|
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to and mRNA codon
|
|
|
mutation
|
change in DNA sequence that affects genetic makeup
|
|
|
point mutation
|
mutation that affects a single nucleotides, usually by substituting one nucleotide for another. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
|
|
|
frameshift mutation
|
mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
|
|
|
polyploidy
|
condition in which an organism has an extra set of chromosomes
|
|
|
operon
|
group of genes operating together
|
|
|
transformation
|
process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
|
|
|
bacteriophage
|
virus that infects bacteria
|
|
|
base pairing
|
principle that bonds in DNA and form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
|
|
|
nucleotide
|
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
|
|
|
chromatin
|
granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
|
|
|
histone
|
globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
|
|
|
replication
|
copying process in which a cell duplicates its DNA
|
|
|
DNA polymerase
|
enzyme that "proofreads" new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the orginial DNA
|
|
|
gene
|
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus deterimines a trait
|
|
|
messenger RNA (mRNA)
|
RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
|
|
|
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
|
type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
|
|
|
transfer RNA (tRNA)
|
type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
|
|
|
differentiation
|
process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
|
|
|
hox gene
|
series of genes that controls the organs and tissues that develop in various parts of an embryo
|
|
|
RNA polymerase
|
enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
|
