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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anticodon |
a sequence of three bases in transfer RNA that is complementary to the three bases of codon of messenger RNA
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Barr body
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an inactiviated X chromosome in cells of female mammals which have two X chromosomes normally appears as a dark spot in the nucleus
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codon
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a sequence of three bases of messenger RNA that specifies a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein; certain codons also signal the beginning or end of protein systhesis
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deletion mutation
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a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene
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exon
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a segment of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that codes for amino acids in a protein
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genetic code
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the collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis
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gene
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a unit of heredity that encodes the information needed to specify the amino acid sequence of proteins and hence particular traits; a functional segment of DNA located at a particular place on a chromosome
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insertion mutation
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a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are inserted inot a gene
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intron
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a segment of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that does not code for amino acids in a protein
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messager RNA
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mRNA a strand of RNA complementary to the DNA of a gene, that conveys the genetic information in DNA to the ribosomes to be used during protein synthesis; sequences of three bases(codons) in mRNA specify particular amino acids to be incorporated into a protein
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mutation
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a change in the base sequence of DNA in a gene; normally refers to a genetic change significant enough to alter the appearance or function of the organism
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neutral mutation
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a mutation that has little or not effect on the function of the encoded protein
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nucleotide substitution
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a mutation that replaces one nucleotide in a DNA molecule with another; for example a change from an adenine to a guanine
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point mutation
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a mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
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promoter
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a specific sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds, initiating gene transcription
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ribonucleic acid
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a molecule composed of ribose nucleotides, each of which consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and one of the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil; transfers hereditary instruction from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; also the genetic material of some viruses
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ribosomal RNA
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rRNA a type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
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ribosome
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an organelle consisting of two subunitsm each composed of ribosomal RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis during which the sequence of bases of messenger RNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in a protein
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RNA polymerase
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in RNA synthesis, an enzyme that catalyzes the bonding of free RNA nucleotides into a continuous strand using RNA nucleotides that are complementary to those of a strand of DNA
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start codon
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the first AUG codon in a messager RNA molecule
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stop codon
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a codon in messenger RNA that stops protein synthesis and causes the completed protein chain to be released from the ribosome
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template strand
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the strand of the DNA double helix from which RNA is transcribed
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transcription
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the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
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transfer RNA
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tRNA a type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid by means of a set of three bases (the anticodon) on the tRNA that are complementary to the mRNA codon for that amino acid; carries its amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis, recognizes a codon of mRNA, and positions its amino acid for incorporation into the growing protein chain
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translation
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the process whereby the sequence of bases of messenger RNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein
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