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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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heredity
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the passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring.
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genetics
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the branch of biology that studies heredity
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traits
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characteristics that are inherited
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gametes
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sex cells
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pollination
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the transfer of the male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower
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fertilization
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the uniting of male and female gametes
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hybrid
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offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait
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law of segregation
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Medelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of allels
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phenotype
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the way an organism looks and behaves
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genotype
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the gene combination an organism contains
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law of independent assortment
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mendels second law that states genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
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diploid
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a cell with two of each kind of chromosome
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haploid
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a cell with one of each kind of chromosome
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homologous chromosomes
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paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
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sperm
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male gametes
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eggs
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female gametes
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zygote
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when a sperm fertilizes an egg
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sexual reproduction
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the pattern of reproductino that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells
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crossing over
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exchange fo genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosmes during prophase 1 of meosis; results in new allele combinations
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genetic recombination
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the reassortment of chromosmes and the genetic information they carry, either by crossing over or by independent egregation of homologous chromsomes
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nondisjunction
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the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis
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