Biology Chapter 10

Front 1

Cortex

Back 1

Kidney's outermost layer

Front 2

Medulla

Back 2

Sits within the cortex

Front 3

Hilum

Back 3

A deep slit in the centre of its medial surface

Renal pelvis is the widest part of the ureter, spans the entire width of the renal hilum

Renal artery,vein and ureters enter and exit through the renal hilum

Front 4

Detrusor muscle

Back 4

A muscle that lines the bladder

Front 5

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Back 5

AA, glucose, water-soluble vitamins and the majority of salts are reabsorbed along with water

Front 6

Descending Loop of Henle

Back 6

Permeable only to water

Front 7

Ascending loop of Henle

Back 7

Only permeable to salts

Front 8

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

Back 8

Responds to aldosterone, which promotes sodium reabsorption

Also the site of waste product secretions, like PCT

Front 9

Collecting Duct

Back 9

Responsive to both aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

Front 10

Blood Pressure

Back 10

Decreased blood pressure stimulates the release of renin from juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney

Renin then cleaves angiotensinogen, a liver protein to form angiotensin I

This peptide is then metabolized by angiotensin-converting enzyme in the lungs to form angiotensin II, which promotes the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

Front 11

Antidiuretic Hormone

Back 11

A peptide hormone synthesized by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary in response to high blood osmolarity

Alters the permeability of the collecting duct, allowing more water to be reabsorbed by making the cell junctions of the duct leaky

Front 12

Layers of the Skin

Back 12

Hypodermis, dermis and Epidermis

Front 13

Epidermis

Back 13

Subdivided into layers called the strata, deepest layer outwards

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum and stratum corneum

Front 14

Stratum Basale

Back 14

Contains stem cells and is responsible for proliferation of keratinocytes

Front 15

Keratinocytes

Back 15

Predominant cells of the skin that produce keratin

Front 16

Stratum Spinosum

Back 16

Cells become connected to each other; this layer is also the site of Langherans cells

Front 17

Stratum Granulosum

Back 17

Keratinocytes die and lose their nuclei here

Front 18

Stratum Lucidum

Back 18

Only present in thick, hairless skin

Front 19

Stratum Corneum

Back 19

Contains up to several dozen layers of flattened keratinocytes, forming a barrier that prevents invasion by pathogens and that helps to prevent loss of fluids and salt

Front 20

The Dermis

Back 20

Consists of multiple layers, from the upper layer, papillary layer and the reticular layer

Front 21

Papillary Layer

Back 21

Consists of loose connective tissue

Front 22

Merkel Cells (Discs)

Back 22

sensory receptors present at the epidermal-dermal junction, these are connected to sensory neurons and are responsible for deep pressure and texture sensation within the skin

Front 23

Meissner's Corpuscles

Back 23

Respond to light touch

Front 24

Ruffini Endings

Back 24

Respond to stretch

Front 25

Pacinian Corpulsces

Back 25

Which respond to deep pressure and vibration