Biology Chapter 1

Front 1

Nature is?

Back 1

Everything in the universe except what humans have manufactured

Front 2

Atoms are?

Back 2

Fundamental building blocks of all substances, living & non-living

Front 3

A Cell is?

Back 3

the smallest unit of life that can survive and reproduce on its own

Front 4

An Organism is?

Back 4

an individual that consists of one or more cells

(consists of tissue, organ, organ system, and multicelled organism)

Front 5

A Population is?

Back 5

a group of individuals of the same kind of organism, or species, in a specified area

Front 6

A Community is?

Back 6

all populations of all species in a specified area

Front 7

An Ecosystem is?

Back 7

A community interacting with its physycal and chemical environment

Front 8

A biosphere is?

Back 8

the most inclusive level encompassing all regions of earths crust, waters, and atmosphere in which organisms live

Front 9

Emergent properties are?

Back 9

characteristics of a system that do not appear in any of its component parts

Front 10

Energy is?

Back 10

The capacity to do work

Front 11

A Nutrient is?

Back 11

a particular type of atom or molecule that has an essential role in growth and survival
(pg 6)

Front 12

2 categories: Producers and Consumers - What are they?

Back 12

Producers get energy and simple raw materials from environmental sources and make their own food (ex. Plants)

Consumers cannot make their own food, they get energy and nutrients by eading producers and other organisms. (ex. Animals)
(pg 6)

Front 13

Photosynthesis is?

Back 13

use energy from the sun to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water, these sugars function as packets of immediately available energy or as building blocks for larger molecules
(pg 6)

Front 14

A Receptor is?

Back 14

a molecule or cellular structure that reponds to a specific form of stimulation, such as the engergy of sunlight or the mechanical energy of a bite
(pg 6)

Front 15

Homeostasis is?

Back 15

Adjusting and keeping an internal or external environment in a constant range to function normally
(pg 7)

Front 16

Inheritance is?

Back 16

the transmission of DNA from parents to offspring
(pg 7)

Front 17

Reproduction

Back 17

actual mechanisms by which parents transmit DNA to offspring
(pg 7)

Front 18

Development

Back 18

the orderly transformation of the first cell of a new individual into an adult
(pg 7)

Front 19

Species

Back 19

Kinds of organisms
(pg 8)

Front 20

Genus (Plural for Genera)

Back 20

A group of species that share a unique set of features
(pg 8)

Front 21

Page 8:
Bacteria
Archaeans
Protists
Eukarya
Fungi
Plants

Back 21

n/a

Front 22

Plants are?

Back 22

Plants are multicelled species and are mostly all photosynthetic (they harness the energy in sunlight to drive the production of sugars from carbon dioxide and water)
(pg 8-9)

Front 23

Animals are?

Back 23

multicelled consumers that ingest tissues or juices of other organisms
(pg 9)

Front 24

Mutations

Back 24

changes in DNA
(pg 10)

Front 25

Critical thinking

Back 25

Judging information before accepting it.

You are looking for underlying assumptions, evaluating the supporting statements, and thinking of alternatives
(pg 11)

Front 26

Evolution (pg 10)

Back 26

n/a

Front 27

Science is?

Back 27

The systematic study of nature
(pg 11)

Front 28

Supernatural is?

Back 28

beyond nature
(pg 11)

Front 29

Guide to Evidence-Based Thinking

Back 29

Be able to state clearly your view on a subject

Be aware of the evidence that led you to hold this view

Ask yourself if there are alternative ways to interpret the evidence

Think about the kind of information that might make you reconsider your view

If you decide that nothing can ever persuade you to alter your view, recognize that you are not being objective about this subject

Front 30

Observations, Hypotheses, and Tests

Scientific Theory
Prediction
Model
(pg 12)

Back 30

n/a

Front 31

Hypotheses is?

Back 31

A testable answer to your question

Front 32

Prediction is?

Back 32

A statement of some condition that should exist if the hypotheses is not wrong

(aka the If/Then process)

Front 33

A Model is?

Back 33

An analogous system

Front 34

Example of a Scientific Approach to a Question

Back 34

See the Observation

Ask the Question

Make a Hypotheses

Predict an outcome of the Hypotheses

Observational test (ex. a survey)

Experimental test (a controlled test that can be retested by other scientists)

Write a report

Front 35

Scientific Theory

Back 35

When any Hypotheses meets its criteria after several tests and consistant with all evidence

Front 36

Experiments are?

Back 36

Tests designed to support or falsify a prediction

Front 37

Examples of Scientific Theories

Back 37

Gravitational theory - Objects attract one another with a force that depends on their mass and how close together they are

Cell theory - All organisms consist of one ore more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from existing cells

Germ theory - Germs cause infectious diseases

Plate tectonics theory - Earths crust is like a cracked eggshell, and its huge, fragmented slabs slowly collide and move apart

Theory of Evolution - Change can occur in lines of descent

Theroy of natural selection - Variations of heritable traits influences which individuals of a population reproduce in each generation

Front 38

A Variable is?

Back 38

some characteristic or an event that differs among individuals or systems and that may change over time

Front 39

Control Group
Experimental Group
(pg 13)

Back 39

n/a

Front 40

Experimental tests - pg 14 - 15

Potato Chips and Gas
Butterflies and Birds

Back 40

n/a