Biology: Chapter 1

Front 1

Transverse Plane (Horizontal Plane)

Back 1

runs parallel to the ground and divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Front 2

Sagittal Plane

Back 2

runs vertically through the body and seperates it into right and left parts

Front 3

Midsagittal Plane (Median Plane)

Back 3

passes through the midline of the body and divides it into equal right and left halves

Front 4

Parasagittal Plane

Back 4

vertically cut anywhere beyond the midpoint

Front 5

Cell

Back 5

basic structural and functional units of organisms. Molecules combine to make Organelles which makes up Cells.

Front 6

Tissue

Back 6

A group of smaller cells and the tissue surrounding them. The characteristics of the cell determined the function of the tissue.

Front 7

What are the primary types of tissues?

Back 7

1. epithelial
2. connective
3. muscle
4. nervous

Front 8

Organ

Back 8

Composed of 2+ tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.

Front 9

Organ System

Back 9

group of organs classified as a unit sure to the common functions or set of functions they perform.

Front 10

What are the major orgasm systems?

Back 10

1. integumentary 2. skeletal
3. muscular 4. lymphatic
5. respiratory 6. digestive
7. nervous 8. endocrine
9. cardiovascular 10. urinary
11. reproductive

Front 11

Organism

Back 11

any living thing composed of cells, whether it's unicellular or multicellular.

Front 12

Homeostasis

Back 12

maintenance of a stable environment within the body. Normal cell functions depend on cells' fluid environment i.e. temperature, volume, and chemical content.

Front 13

Negative Feedback Mechanism

Back 13

Function in which most systems if the body use to maintain homeostasis. Does not prevent variation but maintains it within a normal range.

Front 14

Variables

Back 14

Conditions that maintain homeostasis: temperature, volume, and chemical content.

Front 15

Set Point

Back 15

Homeostatic mechanisms i.e. sweating our shivering

Front 16

What are the components of the negative-feedback mechanism?

Back 16

1. receptor: monitors the value of a variable
2. control center: gets info about variable from receptor
3. effector: makes responded that change value of variable

Front 17

Positive-Feedback Mechanism

Back 17

Not homeostatic. When deviation from a normal value occurs, the system makes the deviation even greater. It creates a cycle leading away from homeostasis and towards death.

Front 18

Anatomical Position

Back 18

Refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward.

Front 19

Supine

Back 19

Refers to a person lying on their back, palms up.

Front 20

Prone

Back 20

Refers to a person lying face down, palms down.

Front 21

Inferior

Back 21

down

Front 22

Superior

Back 22

Up

Front 23

Cephalic

Back 23

toward the head

Front 24

Caudal

Back 24

toward the tail

Front 25

Proximal

Back 25

nearest

Front 26

distal

Back 26

distant

Front 27

Anterior

Back 27

front

Front 28

Posterior

Back 28

back

Front 29

Ventral

Back 29

belly

Front 30

Dorsal

Back 30

back

Front 31

Medial

Back 31

toward the midline

Front 32

Lateral

Back 32

away from the midline

Front 33

Superficial

Back 33

structure close to the surface of the body

Front 34

Deep

Back 34

toward the interior of the body

Front 35

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Back 35

runs vertically from right to left and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Front 36

Oblique Plane

Back 36

a cut made across the long axis that's not at a right angle

Front 37

Thoracic Cavity

Back 37

area inside the rib cage that is separated by the muscular diaphragm from the abdominal cavity

Front 38

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Back 38

the abdominal and pelvic cavities, because nothing separates them.

Front 39

Abdominal Cavity

Back 39

contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys

Front 40

Pelvic Cavity

Back 40

contains the urinary bladder, part off the large intestine, and internal reproductive organs

Front 41

Pleural Cavity

Back 41

located between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura. surrounds each lung.

Front 42

Visceral Cavity

Back 42

lining of the lung toward the organ.

Front 43

Peritoneal Cavity

Back 43

serous membrane-lined cavity located in the abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 44

Serous Membrane

Back 44

both the outter and inner part of a membrane covers the organ.

Front 45

Parietal

Back 45

outter portion of the membrane

Front 46

Mesenteries

Back 46

two layers of peritoneum fused together, connect the visceral peritoneum of some abdominopelvic organs to the parietal peritoneum on the body wall or to other organs.

Front 47

abduction

Back 47

to move away from the midline

Front 48

adduction

Back 48

to move toward the midline