Biology Chapter 1

Front 1

the study of life

Back 1

biology

Front 2

high degree of order within an organism's internal and external parts and in its interactions with the living world

Back 2

organization

Front 3

the smallest unit that can perform all life's processes

Back 3

cell

Hint 3

"basic unit of life"

Front 4

structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system

Back 4

organ

Front 5

groups of specialized parts that carry out a certain function in the organism

Back 5

organ system

Front 6

groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to function

Back 6

tissues

Hint 6

made of cells; make up an organ

Front 7

tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive

Back 7

organelles

Hint 7

"tiny organ"

Front 8

chemical compounds in an organelle that provide physical structure and that bring about movement, energy use, and other cellular function

Back 8

biological molecules

Hint 8

made of atoms

Front 9

the simplest particle of an element that retains all the properties of a certain element

Back 9

atom

Front 10

a physical or chemical change in the internal or external environment

Back 10

stimulus

Front 11

the maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though the environmental conditions are constantly changing

Back 11

homeostasis

Hint 11

stay-sis

Front 12

the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment

Back 12

metabolism

Front 13

process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use the sun's energy to generate suger molecules

Back 13

photosynthesis

Front 14

the formation of two new cells from an existing cell

Back 14

cell division

Front 15

process by which an organism becomes a mature adult

involves cell division and cell differentiation

Back 15

development

Front 16

the specialization of different cells for specific functions

Back 16

cell differentiation

Front 17

process by which organisms produce new organisms like themselves

Back 17

reproduction

Front 18

large molecule in which hereditary information is encoded

Back 18

deoxyribonucleic acid
[dna]

Front 19

a short segment of dna that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism

Back 19

gene

Front 20

process by which hereditary information recombines from two organisms of the same species

Back 20

sexual reproduction

Front 21

process in which hereditary information from different organisms is not combined, and the new organism is exactly the same

Back 21

asexual reprocuction

Front 22

features that all living things have in common

Back 22

unity of life

Front 23

branches of the "tree of life"

Back 23

lineages

Front 24

the three major branches on the tree of life

bacteria
archea
eukarya

Back 24

domains

Front 25

the six major categories within the tree's three domains

animalia, plantae, fungi, protista
bacteria
archea

Back 25

kingdoms

Front 26

branch of biology that studies organisms interacting with each other and with the environment

Back 26

ecology

Front 27

communities of living species and their physical environments

Back 27

ecosystems

Front 28

descent with modification; the process in which the inherited characteristics within populations change over generations such that genetically distinct populations and new species can develop

Back 28

evolution

Front 29

the theory by which organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce successfully than organisms that lack these traits

Back 29

natural selection

Front 30

traits that improve an individuals ability to survive and reproduce

Back 30

adaptations