Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea
|
-consist of the prokaryotes
-are prokaryotic |
|
|
The Domain Eukaryotic
|
-includes all eukaryotic organisms.
-includes three multicellular kingdoms: Plantae Fungi Animalia |
|
|
protists
|
are now grouped in separate kingdoms
|
|
|
The three domains of life
|
Archaea: sulfoiobus, thermophiles, halophiles, methanobacterium
Eukarya: Land plants, red algae, amoebas, animals, fungi, cellular slime molds, Bacteria: Mitochondrion, Chlamydia, Green sulfur bacteria |
|
|
Theme 1: EVOLUTION
|
-evolution is the overarching theme of biology.
-it makes sense of everything we know about living organisms |
|
|
Adaptation
|
-All living organisms respond and adjust to their environments----> This process is called adaptation
|
|
|
Organisms living on earth
|
Are modified Descendants of common ancestor
|
|
|
The unity in the diversity of life
|
Living organisms share remarkable UNITY because they all share a common ancestor.
|
|
|
Evolution
|
accounts for unity and diversity of life.
|
|
|
Unity
|
similar traits among organisms are explained by descent from common ancestors.
|
|
|
Diversity
|
differences among organisms are explained by the accumulation of heritable changes.
|
|
|
The genetic Code
|
-Is nearly universal.
-Shared by the simplest bacteria to humans. -Most compelling piece of evidence suggesting that all living things have evolved from a common ancestor |
|
|
The Theory of Natural Selection
|
Charles Darwin made two points:
-Species showed evidence of "DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION" from common ancestors. -Natural selection is the mechanism behind "DWM" His theory explained the duality of UNITY and DIVERSITY |
|
|
Natural selection
|
The mechanism of evolution
-humans have modified some species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits, a process called (ARTIFICIAL SELECTION) |
|
|
Natural Selection : Three key points about evolution that clarify this process
|
1. individuals do not evolve: populations evolve.
2. natural selection can amplify or diminish only heritable traits. >Acquired characterisitcs cannot be passed on to offspring. 3. Evolution is not goal directed and does not lead to perfection. >Favorable traits vary as environments change. |
|
|
Theme 2: New Properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy.
|
-life can be studied from atoms to the entire living planet (biosphere)
-Novel Properties emerge at each level of biological organization that are not present at the preceding level. |
|
|
Theme 3 : Organisms interact with their environments exchanging matter and energy.
|
-Both organisms and their environments are affected by the interactions between them.
- The dynamics of an ecostystem include two major processes: Cycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy |
|
|
Theme 4: Structure and Function are correlated at all levels of biological organization
|
structure and function of living organisms are closely related. (wings, bones, mitochondrion, neurons)
|
|
|
Theme 5: Cells are an organism's basic units of structure and function.
|
The cell is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life.
-All cells are enclosed by a membrane -Use DNA as their genetic information. -The ability of cells to divide is the basis of all reproduction, growth, and repair of multicellular organisms. There are six different human cells |
|
|
A eukaryotic cell
|
has membrane-enclosed organelles the largest of which is usually the Nucleus.
-has cytoplasm |
|
|
A prokaryotic cell
|
is simpler and usually smaller, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles.
|
|
|
Protists
|
Plants, animals, fungi, and all other forms of life are protists (algae)
|
|
|
Theme 6: Continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA
|
-Chromosomes contain most of a cells genetic material in the form of DNA (deoxyribonic acid)
-Chromosomes, we have (46) |
|
|
Genes
|
are the units of inheritance consisting of specific stretches of DNA that transmit information from parents to offspring
-controls protein production indirectly 23,000 genes in our cells |
|
|
DNA
|
is transcribed into RNA then translated into a protein
|
|
|
Nucleotides
|
amino acids
|
|
|
Theme 7: Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems
|
Feedback mechanisms allow biological processes to self-regulate
--Negative feedback: as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it slows and less of the product is produced --Positive feedback: as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is produced |
