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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Archaea
One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Bacteria.
Adaptation
Unequal reproductive success can adapt a population to its environment. Over the generations heritable traits that enhance survival and reproductive success, tend to increase in frequency among a population's individuals. The population evolves.
Animalia
The kingdom that consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest their food.
Autotrophs
An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
Asexual Reproductive
A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
Bacteria
One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea.
Biology
The scientific study of life.
Biosphere
The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems.
Cell Theory
1. The fundamental unit of life is the cell, i.e;all organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. All of the chemical reactions of an organism take place in the cell.
3. Cells arise from other cells(e.g. mitosis, meiosis, etc.)
4. Cells contain hereditary info. of the organism
Community
All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction.
Consumers
Organisms such as animals, that feed on producers and other consumers.
Ecosystem
The combined physical and biological components of an environment. An ecosystem is generally an area within the natural environment in which physical (abiotic) factors of the environment, such as rocks and soil, function together along with interdependent (biotic) organisms, such as plants and animals, within the same habitat to create a stable system.
Decomposers
Any of the saprobic fungi and prokaryotes that absorb nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms, and convert them into inorganic forms.
Deductive reasoning
A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise.
Domain
(1) A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. (2) An independently folding part of a protein.
Emergent properties
New properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.
Eukarya
The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms.
Eukaryote
A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes.
Evolution
All the changes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity that characterizes it today.
Fungi
The eukaryotic kingdom that includes organisms that absorb nutrients after decomposing organic material.
Evolutionary Theory
States that all life forms, past or present, share all ancestry.
Gene Pool
The total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time.
Heterotrophs
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
Hierarchy of biological organization
Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
hypothesis
A tentative answer to a well-framed question.
Inductive Reasoning
A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.
Metabolism
The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways.
Mutation
A change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity.
Natural Selection
Differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment. Evolution occurs when natural selection causes changes in relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool.
Negative Feedback
A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.
Plantae
The kingdom that consists of multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis.
Positive Feedback
A physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change.
Prediction
A prediction is a statement about the way things will happen in the future, often but not always based on experience or knowledge. A prediction may be a statement that some outcome is expected.
Producers
Plants and other photosynthetic organisms that convert light energy to chemical energy.
Prokaryote
A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes.
Protista
An informal term applied to any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus. Most protists are unicellular, though some are colonial or multicellular.
Reductionism Science
Reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.
Sexual Reproduction
A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
Steps of the Scientific Method
* Observation
* Question
* Prediction
* Test prediction (experiment)
* If false go back to Hypothesis
Systematics
The analytical study of the diversity and relationships of organisms, both present-day and extinct
Taxonomy
Ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences, leading to a classification scheme; the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life.
Theory
An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
Hierarchy of a cell
Biosphere - Biomes - Population - Community - Organism - Organ - System - Organs - Tissue - Cell - Organelles - Moecules - Atoms
Prokaryotic
* bacteria, archaea
* No membrane bound organelles
*smaller
Eukaryotic Cells
* Plants
*Animals
* Fungi
* Protista
* Membrane bound organelles
* Larger
Emergent Properties
Emergence is the concept that the whole is greater than the sum of it's individual components. An emergent property is a new and unique attribute arising from the interaction of indiv. components as they come together to form the whole.
Characteristics of Living Things
1. Cells - Uni or Multi
2. Growth
3. Metabolism (& homeostasis)
4. Response to stimuli
5. Reproduction
6. Evolution of Population