Biology Ch.4

Front 1

the day-to-day condition of Earth's atmosphere

Back 1

weather

Front 2

this refers to average conditions over long periods

Back 2

climate

Front 3

year-after-year patterns of temperature and precipitation

Back 3

climate

Front 4

environmental conditions that vary over small distances

Back 4

microclimates

Front 5

What shapes global climate?

Back 5

solar energy trapped in the biosphere, latitude, and the transport of heat by winds and ocean currents

Front 6

What is the greenhouse affect?

Back 6

When the some of the light from the sun is reflected off the atmosphere, and some of the light is also let in and absorbed by the earths climate

Front 7

What art the climate zones starting from north to south

Back 7

polar, temperate, tropical, tropical, termperate, polar

Front 8

what creates ocean currents?

Back 8

the unequal distribution of heat across the globe

Front 9

What creates wind currents?

Back 9

The upward and downward movements of air due to the tempeture of the air.

Front 10

As the air cools, it _______, and as the air warms up, it ________

Back 10

sinks, rises

Front 11

the ability to survive and reproduce under a range of environmental circumstances

Back 11

tolerance

Front 12

the general place where an organism lives

Back 12

habitat

Front 13

the range of physical and biological conditions in which a species lives and the way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce

Back 13

niche

Front 14

any necesity of life such as water, nutrients, light, food, shelter, or space

Back 14

resource

Front 15

what are the two aspects of a niche?

Back 15

physical aspects and biological aspects

Front 16

the ________ states that no two species can ocupy exactly the same noiche, one species will be better at competing for resources and exclude the other species

Back 16

competitive exclusion principle

Front 17

By causing species to divide ________, _______ helps determine the number and kinds of species in a community and the _______ each species occupies

Back 17

resources, competition, and niche

Front 18

an interaction where a predetor captues and feeds on its prey

Back 18

predation

Front 19

an interaction in which the herbivore feeds on producers such as plants

Back 19

herbivory

Front 20

the species that changes in its population and by doing so effects the structure of a community

Back 20

keystone species

Front 21

any relationship in which two species live closely together

Back 21

symbiosis

Front 22

A relationship between two species where both species benefit

Back 22

mutualism

Front 23

A relationship where one species lives inside or on another and harms it

Back 23

parasitism

Front 24

A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

Back 24

commensalism

Front 25

a series of more-or-less predictable changes that occur in a community over time

Back 25

ecological succession

Front 26

succession that begins in an area with no remnants of an older community

Back 26

primary succession

Front 27

the first species to colonize barren areas

Back 27

pioneer species

Front 28

this occurs when there is a disturbance that affects the community without completely destroying it

Back 28

secoundary succession

Front 29

Secondary Succession in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances often reproduce the ________.

Back 29

original climax community

Front 30

Ecosystems may or may not recover from extensive _____ disturbances

Back 30

human-caused

Front 31

Temperate Grasslands

Back 31

They are plains and praries that are in places like Texas. hot summers/cold winters. An average of about 75mm of rain per month. buffalo and prarie dogs, and grass and dandelions

Front 32

Tropical Rainforest

Back 32

2 meters of rain per year (a lot). Hot and wet year round. In south america. epiphutic plants and vines grow there. Camilions and parrots live there

Front 33

Decidous Forest

Back 33

Places with rainy seasons like India. Its rainfall is very high in the fall-winter overlap but low for the rest of the year. Its hot year round. Has birds and primates. Also has trees that shed their leaves and plants with waxy leaves

Front 34

Taiga

Back 34

Very little rainfall. Winters are bitterly cold and summers are just mild enough for the ground to thaw. In northern part of northern hemisphere. Has conifers and evergreens and penguins and polarbears

Front 35

Desert

Back 35

Nearly no rainfall. Is hot days, cool nights. In places like arizona. Has cacti and tumble weed, has scorpions and camels.

Front 36

Savana

Back 36

Gets a lot of rain in mid-spring, but an average amount for the rest of the year. Hot all year round. In africa. Has grasses with high silica and leaf loosing trees

Front 37

Tundra

Back 37

really cold in winter, and warmer but still really cold in the summer. very little rainfall. Up north in places like alaska. has legumes and mosses. Also has animals that have natural antifreeze

Front 38

What affect aquatic zones?

Back 38

water's depth, temp., flow, and amount of dissolved nutrients

Front 39

What are the three categories for freshwater ecosystems?

Back 39

rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, and freshwater wetlands

Front 40

_______ serve as spawning and nursery grounds for many ecologically and commercially important fish and shellfish species

Back 40

estuaries

Front 41

Ecologists divide the ocean into zones based on ___ and ________

Back 41

depth, distance from the shore

Front 42

the sunlit region near the surface in which photosynthesis occurs in water

Back 42

photic zone

Front 43

organisms that live in or on rocks at the bottom of lakes, streams, and oceans

Back 43

benthos

Front 44

an ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for atleast part of the year

Back 44

wetland

Front 45

the dark part of the water where photosynthesis can't occur.

Back 45

aphotic zone

Front 46

a general term for both phytoplankton and zooplankton

Back 46

plankton

Front 47

a special kind of wetland, formed where a river meets the sea

Back 47

estuary