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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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long bone
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longer than wide, serve as levers
ex: humerus |
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short bones
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equal in length and width
glide across one another ex: carpals |
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flat bones
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encircle; protection for organs, muscle attachment
ex: scapula/hip bones |
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irregular bones
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don't fit into other categories
ex: sphenoid |
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medullary cavity
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cylindrical part of long bone, houses bone marrow
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diaphysis
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shaft of bone
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epiphysis
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head of bone
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periosteum
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outer sheath covering compact bone with 2 layers
Outer: fibrous layer of collagen Inner: osteogenic layer of bone-forming cells |
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endosteum
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inner lining of bone, contains bone cells
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epiphyseal plate
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"growth zone" of hyaline cartilage that eventually calcifies
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diploe
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spongy bone of cranium
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osteogenic cells
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bone cells that give rise to osteocytes and osteoblasts
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osteoblasts
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nonmitotic bone cells that form bone; deposit soft matter of bone matrix (that eventually calcifies)
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osteocytes
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osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they deposited; are "strain sensors"
-reside in lacunae -connected by canaliculi -also connected by gap junctions to spread nutrients |
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osteoclasts
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bone-dissolving cells, arise from blood stem cells, have multiple nuclei and ruffled border to increase bone resabsortion efficiency
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rickets
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when the bone composite lacks enough ceramic material and bones are too 'bendy'
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osteogenis imperfecta
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"brittle bone disease" bone composite lacks protein and are too brittle
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concentric lamellae
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onionlike layers of compact bone around a central canal
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perforating (Volkman) canals
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passageways that connect osteons
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collagen fibers in compact bone
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"corkscrew" down the lamellae of osteons to increase strength
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Interstitial lamellae
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irregular regions that are the remains of old osteons that broke down as the bone grew and underwent remodeling
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calcitriol
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Raises blood calcium levels, most active form of vitamin D
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hydroxyapatite
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main ceramic component of bone
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lamella
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layer (of bone)
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primary ossification center
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area where blood vessels invade bony collar in middle of former cartilage model, eventually becomes primary marrow cavity
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metaphysic
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region of transition at each end of primary marrow cavity
cartilage--bone |
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secondary ossification center
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located at each epiphysis, formed when chondrocytes here enlarge and die and then blood vessels invade and give rise to bone-forming cells
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ectopic ossification
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when calcification occurs in areas it shouldn't
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acid phosphatase
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secreted by osteoblasts to dissolve collagen matrix
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hypocalcemia
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low blood calcium, causes spasms and tetany
corrected by PHT and Cacitriol (vitamin d) |
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hypercalcimia
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fairly fair, excess of Calcium in the blood, causes muscles to be LESS excitable
-corrected by Calcitonin |
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Calcitonin
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secreted by C cells of the thyroid gland, corrects hypercalcemia
-reduces osteoclast activity -important role in children -fast-acting |
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Parathyroid Hormone
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raises blood calcium concentration; promote absortion by kidneys
-can both increase AND decrease bone mass |
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Calcitriol
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Raises blood calcium as well as phosphate levels
-form of vitamin D |
