Biology: Ch. 6 Part 2

Front 1

Lysosome

Back 1

membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest all kinds of macromolecules

Front 2

Contractile vacuoles

Back 2

pump excess water out of the cell→maintain appropriate concentration of salts and other molecules

Front 3

Central vacuole

Back 3

membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development

Front 4

Tonoplast

Back 4

membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell, separating the cytosol from the vacuolar contents, called cell sap

Front 5

Mitochondria

Back 5

sites of respiration

Front 6

Chloroplasts

Back 6

sites of photosynthesis

Front 7

Peroxisome

Back 7

oxidative organelle that is not part of the endomembrane system

Front 8

Mitochondrial matrix

Back 8

contains many different enzymes as well as the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes

Front 9

Plastids

Back 9

one of a family of closely related plant organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts

Front 10

Thylakoids

Back 10

membranous system in the form of flattened, interconnected sacs

Front 11

Cytoskeleton

Back 11

network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm

Front 12

Microtubules

Back 12

hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia, flagella, and the cytoskeleton

Front 13

Microfilaments

Back 13

solid rod of actin protein in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction

Front 14

Intermediate filaments

Back 14

component of the cytoskeleton that includes all filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments

Front 15

Centrosome

Back 15

region often located near nucleus that is considered to be a “microtubule-organizing center”

Front 16

Centrioles

Back 16

structure in an animal cell composed of cylinders of microtubule triplets

Front 17

Basal Body

Back 17

eukaryotic cell organelle consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets; may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum; structurally identical to centriole

Front 18

Dynein

Back 18

large contractile protein forming the side-arms of microtubule doublets in cilia and flagella

Front 19

Actin

Back 19

globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells

Front 20

Myosin

Back 20

acts as a motor protein by means of projections (arms) that “walk” along the actin filaments

Front 21

Pseudopodia

Back 21

cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeing

Front 22

Cytoplasmic streaming

Back 22

circular flow of cytoplasm within cells

Front 23

Primary cell wall

Back 23

relatively thin and flexible layer first secreted by a young plant cell

Front 24

Middle lamella

Back 24

between primary walls of adjacent cells; glues adjacent cells together

Front 25

Secondary cell wall

Back 25

between plasma membrane and the primary wall

Front 26

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Back 26

substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides

Front 27

Collagen

Back 27

most abundant glycoprotein in the ECM of most animals; forms strong fibers outside the cells; accounts for about half of the total protein in the human body

Front 28

Proteoglycans

Back 28

glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix of animal cells, rich in carbohydrate

Front 29

Fibronectin

Back 29

glycoprotein that helps cells attach to the extracellular matrix

Front 30

Integrins

Back 30

span the membrane and bind on their cytoplasmic side to associate proteins attached to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton

Front 31

Plasmodesmata

Back 31

channels that perforate plant cell walls